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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sino-orbital aspergillosis in a 61-year-old male with uncontrolled non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus presented with three months history of left ear pain, left side headache with mucopurulent nasal discharge and one week history of progressive swelling and pain with difficulty in opening of the left eye and sudden loss of vision. In spite of surgical debridement and medical management with amphotericin B and itraconazole his visual outcome was poor and the infection was unabated at one month follow up.
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PMID:Sino-orbital aspergillosis in a diabetic patient. 1668 69

The present study was undertaken to investigate the analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of Zingiber officinale dried rhizomes ethanol extract (ZOE) in mice and rats. The analgesic effect of ZOE was evaluated by 'hot-plate' and 'acetic acid' analgesic test methods in mice; while the antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of the plant extract were investigated in rats, using fresh egg albumin-induced pedal oedema, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus models. Morphine (MPN, 10 mg/kg), diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg) and chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg) were used as reference drugs for comparison. ZOE (50-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.05-0.001) analgesic effects against thermally and chemically induced nociceptive pain in mice. The plant extract (ZOE, 50-800 mg/kg p.o.) also significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) inhibited fresh egg albumin-induced acute inflammation, and caused dose-related, significant (p < 0.05-0.001) hypoglycaemia in normal (normoglycaemic) and diabetic rats. The findings of this experimental animal study indicate that Zingiber officinale rhizomes ethanol extract possesses analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic properties; and thus lend pharmacological support to folkloric, ethnomedical uses of ginger in the treatment and/or management of painful, arthritic inflammatory conditions, as well as in the management and/or control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in some rural Africa communities.
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PMID:Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in mice and rats. 1680 83

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (D.I.S.H.) is a common disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by exuberant hyperostosis of the antero-lateral aspect of the spinal column, that sometimes leads to bone ankilosis, and by ossification of extra-spinal entheses. This condition is often associated with the metabolic derangement of type 2 diabetes. Primary hypertension, its cardiovascular aftereffects and lithiasis are also often present in these patients. D.I.S.H. has to be distinguished from osteoarthritis, although they often coexist in the same patient. The mean difference lies in the anatomical target of the pathological process, that is represented by articular cartilage in osteoarthritis and by entheses in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. The enthesopathy leads to the ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and causes the formation of flowing osteophytes, while intervertebral disc space is quite preserved in early phases of the disease. Symptoms of spine involvement are not typical of the disease and consist of pain and stiffness, usually worsened by inaction and damp. It has also been described the ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament which can lead to medullary canal stenosis. Appendicular skeleton is symmetrically involved in early phases of the disease, the most distinctive affected sites being feet, olecranus and patella. Hip involvement is also frequent and may lead to severe disability and represents an important cause of invalidity. The purpose of the present review is to remark on aetiopathogenetic and clinical aspects of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.
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PMID:[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (D.I.S.H.)]. 1682 87

Since 1925, when the concept of treating diabetes with inhaled insulin (INH) was originally published, a number of clinical challenges have been resolved through technological advancements. Efforts by pharmaceutical partnerships or individual companies have resulted in the development of both injection-free devices and novel insulin formulations. Four different INH systems are now in phase 3 of clinical development, and several other INH systems are in earlier stages of clinical study. Clinical data consistently demonstrate that INH therapy is comparable to subcutaneous (SC) therapy in improving glycaemic control in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, generally without greater risk of overall hypoglycaemia. INH is generally well tolerated and appears to be safe. Adverse-event profiles for INH therapies are similar to SC insulin therapy, with the majority of events being reported as being mild to moderate. Long-term safety studies are ongoing, with emphasis on evaluating the impact of INH therapy on pulmonary function and immune responses. Although small, reversible decreases in pulmonary diffusion capacity (DL(co)) and FEV1 have been reported in response to INH, pulmonary function and structure do not appear to be affected in any clinically significant way. While insulin antibodies are increased in INH therapy, these antibodies have not been correlated with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin dosage, hypoglycaemia, pulmonary function or adverse events. Nevertheless, properly controlled, long-term studies will best answer any remaining concerns. From the patient's perspective, INH therapy is preferred by the majority of patients over conventional SC insulin therapy. Studies have shown that patients prefer INH therapy, because it provides greater lifestyle flexibility and social acceptability while at the same time avoiding the pain associated with injection. Thus, after more than 80 years during which the injection route has been the only means of administering insulin, patients and physicians may soon avail themselves of another valuable tool in management of diabetes.
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PMID:Inhaled insulin delivery--where are we now? 1702 87

An 80-year-old woman with type II diabetes mellitus was admitted to hospital with high-grade fever and leg pain for the previous three days. Physical examination revealed marked distention of the peripheral veins in both lower legs and she complained of pain. Spontaneous superficial suppurative thrombophlebitis was diagnosed and transfusion of cefazolin every 8 hours was started immediately after blood cultures. After 48 hours, the distention of the peripheral veins was improved; however, she suffered from a severe back pain thereafter. Two sets of blood culture yielded Group B streptococcus. Therefore the antibiotic was changed to ampicillin every 6 hours. To investigate the cause of back pain, MRI of the lumbar vertebral body was taken. Saggital gadolinium T1-weighted MRI demonstrated a high signal intensity lesion from Th7 to Th11, suggesting vertebral osteomyelitis following Group B streptococcal bacteremia from superficial suppurative thrombophlebitis. One week later, the clinical symptoms mostly disappeared. After six weeks of treatment, she was discharged. Suppurative thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of the vein wall by microorganisms and sometimes causes secondary metastatic abscess. Aging and diabetes are also risk factors for group B streptococcal invasive infection. This case suggests vertebral osteomyelitis should be taken into consideration during the course of group B streptococcal bacteremia in an elderly patient complaining back pain.
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PMID:[Group B streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis following superficial suppurative thrombophlebitis]. 1707 95

The aim of the investigation was to study the significance of the functional condition of endothelium for the evaluation of ischemic episodes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Ninety-three patients (52 men; 41 women; mean age 58.3+/-4.8 years) were examined. Group 1 consisted of 47 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and CD2; group 2 consisted of 46 CAD patients without carbohydrate exchange disorder. Both groups were comparable by gender, age, and the main risk factors. The patients were examined using Holter monitoring, physical load test, EchoCG, reactive hyperemia test (ultrasound evaluation of the endothelium-dependent brachial artery dilation). The number of painless ischemic episodes (PIE), the total duration of ischemia, the maximum degree of ST depression prevailed in group 1 patients. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between endothelial dysfunction, one the one part, and the number and duration of PIE and the time between the ischemic ST depression and pain syndrome, on the other, in group 1 patients.
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PMID:[Clinicofunctional evaluation of ischemic episodes and vascular endothelium in patients with type 2 diabetes]. 1729 80

The aim of this study was to design a culturally adapted questionnaire for studying quality of life (QOL) among type 1 and 2 adult diabetes patients in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The 41 items on the questionnaire were based on qualitative research and covered general and health-related QOL. In a descriptive survey, 104 patients completed the questionnaire; 68 (65.4%) were female. Mean age was 50.5 years (standard deviation 12.8). Most patients (86.5%) had type 2 diabetes. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.98. The questionnaire successfully distinguished the lower QOL of patients suffering from pain in the limbs, loss of appetite, fatigue, constipation and itching. The questionnaire could determine both general and health-related QOL.
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PMID:Developing a culturally valid and reliable quality of life questionnaire for diabetes mellitus. 1754 20

There are various etiologies for hypoglycemia in patients with chronic renal failure, and its pathogenesis is complex. Concomitant use of medications is the most common cause. We report a rare case of an 82-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus in end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, who experienced recurrent symptomatic hypoglycemia during treatment with propoxyphene for pain relief. Hypoglycemia occurred simultaneously with elevated levels of serum immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide. After discontinuing propoxyphene, hypoglycemia mitigated and the level of insulin returned to normal range. Our case reminds us that propoxyphene-induced hypoglycemia should not be ignored, especially in hemodialysis patients with cold sweats, agitation and depressed consciousness.
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PMID:Recurrent hypoglycemia in a hemodialysis patient related to propoxyphene treatment. 1763 65

A 57-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus for 10 years showed progressive loss of muscle strength in both legs, pain and muscle atrophy in the femoral region and significant weight loss. On admission, he could not stand alone and used a wheelchair. He also complained of severe pain in the lower extremities. He was diagnosed with proximal diabetic neuropathy (PDN) by characteristic clinical and electrophysiological features. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg 0.4 g/kg x 5 days) markedly reduced the severe pain and muscle weakness in the legs. Eventually, pain assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale was relieved by 80% and muscle strength was also well recovered, thereby enabling the patient to walk with a cane. The present case suggests that IVIg therapy may be effective for the relief of pain in PDN.
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PMID:Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy markedly ameliorates muscle weakness and severe pain in proximal diabetic neuropathy. 1763 82

In an attempt to scientifically evaluate some of the anecdotal, folkloric, ethnomedical uses of Rhus chirindensis Baker F. ('red currant'), the present study was undertaken to investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of the plant's stem-bark aqueous extract (RCE) in mice and rats. The analgesic effect of RCE was evaluated by 'hot-plate' and 'acetic acid' analgesic test methods in mice; while its anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects were investigated in rats, using fresh egg albumin-induced pedal oedema, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus animal models. Morphine (MPN, 10 mg/kg), diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg) and chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg) were used as reference drugs for comparison. RCE (50-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced dose-dependent, significant (P<0.05-0.001) analgesic effects against thermally- and chemically-induced nociceptive pain in mice. The plant's extract (RCE, 50-800 mg/kg p.o.) also significantly (P<0.05-0.001) inhibited fresh egg albumin-induced acute inflammation, and caused dose-related, significant (P<0.05-0.001) hypoglycaemia in normal (normoglycaemic) and diabetic (hyperglycaemic) rats. The flavonoids, triterpenoids and other chemical compounds present in RCE are speculated to account for the observed pharmacological effects of the plant's extract in the experimental animal paradigms used. The findings of this experimental animal study indicate that Rhus chirindensis stem-bark aqueous extract possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic properties; and thus lend pharmacological credence to the anecdotal, folkloric, ethnomedical uses of the plant in the treatment and/or management of painful, arthritic, inflammatory conditions, as well as in the management and/or control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in some rural communities of South Africa.
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PMID:Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of Rhus chirindensis (Baker F.) [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark aqueous extract in mice and rats. 1768 3


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