Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetic macroangiopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. Bad metabolic control of diabetes increases the risk of developing atherosclerotic complications. Hyperglycemia aids to increase the process of non-enzymatic protein glycosylation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) created in Maillard reaction play multidirectional role in creation of atherosclerosis in NIDDM. AGEs form in LDL, HDL and VLDL particles and increase their oxidative modification. They aid deposition of cholesterol and its esters in macrophages as well as creation of foam cells. Reaction of LDL-AGE particles with proteoglycans of blood vessel intima results in its thickening. LDL-AGE and ox-LDL take part in formation of late atherosclerotic changes influencing the expression of genes for cytokines and growth factors. AGEs promote prothrombotic changes. They block formation of nitric oxide which results in impaired vessel relaxation. They also take part in progressive vessel narrowing up to complete vessel occlusion by atheroslerotic plaque.
 ...
PMID:[The importance of advanced glycosylation end products in the creation and progression of atherosclerosis in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 1105 18

Diabetic macroangiopathy is known to increase with complicated hyperlipidemia. Large clinical studies indicate that statins are effective in reducing cardiovascular events in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Target goal for LDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes is less than 100 mg/dl in the United States, whereas it is less than 120mg/dl in Japan. Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy is indicated for type 2 diabetes, especially those with high risk. Other effects than deceasing LDL of statins, i.e. pleiotropic actions, are suggested to contribute to reduction of cardiovascular events. A decrease in HDL cholesterol and an increase in triglycerides are also risk factors for cardiovascular events, but some portion of them are attributed to dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance.
 ...
PMID:[Lipid management--treatment goal and strategy]. 1708 3