Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the association between the APM1 SNP rs 13061862 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a total of 603 Han subjects from Hubei Province were genotyped for the APM1 SNP T45G. Both family-based case- control and unrelated case-control designs were used. The frequencies of the G allele and GG genotype for T2DM patients were significantly higher than those for controls (G: 42.0% vs. 21.7%, P<0.001; GG: 13.6% vs. 4.5%, P= 0.032) in all subjects. The GG genotype was associated with higher risk of T2DM in family-based case-control groups (GG: 17.8% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.011), while the G allele and GG genotype for T2DM patients were significantly higher than those for controls in the unrelated case-control groups (GG: 12.2% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.025). Logistic regression analysis suggested that GG genotype was the genetic risk factors for T2DM (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.70-7.54). In conclusion, the APM1 SNP T45G is associated with T2DM risk, and the GG genotype may be a genetic risk factor of T2DM in Han population of Hubei Province.
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PMID:[Association studies of the APM1 SNP T45G with type 2 diabetes in Han population of Hubei Province]. 1855 Apr 92

Flavonoids are functional constituents of many fruits and vegetables. Procyanidins are flavonoids with an oligomeric structure, and it has been shown that they can improve the pathological oxidative state of a diabetic situation. To evaluate whether procyanidins can modulate inflammation, an event strongly associated with obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance states, we used human adipocytes (SGBS) and macrophage-like (THP-1) cell lines and administered an extract of grape-seed procyanidins (GSPE). THP-1 and SGBS cells pre-treated with GSPE showed a reduction of IL-6 and MCP-1 expression after an inflammatory stimulus. GSPE stimuli alone modulate adipokine (APM1 and LEP) and cytokine (IL-6 and MCP-1) gene expression. GSPE partially inhibited NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus in both cell lines. These preliminary findings demonstrate that GSPE reduces the expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 and enhances the production of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin suggesting that may have a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammatory diseases such obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Grape-seed procyanidins modulate inflammation on human differentiated adipocytes in vitro. 1956 Sep 35

In the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) treatment is the first line treatment after lifestyle measures fail. Two major groups of OAD are used in clinical practice--insulin secretagogues and insulin sensitisers. Sulphonyluea (SU) derivatives are insulin secretagogues and stimulate insulin secretion by inhibiting ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Genes KCNJ11 and ABCC8 encode potassium channel proteins. KCNJ11 gene Glu23Lys polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of SU secondary failure, while Ser1369Ala polymorphism of ABCC8 gene had influence antidiabetic efficacy of SU drug gliclazide. In addition, the polymorphism of TCF7L2 gene, which has the strongest association with T2D, also influenced secondary SU drug failure. Insulin sensitisers include both metformin and glitazones. Some drug-genotype associations were observed for metformin in patients with T2D. Several genes influenced the effect of glitazone treatment. Rosiglitazone was more effective in diabetes control in carriers of Prol2Ala polymorphism of PPARG gene encoding the PPARg-receptor--the target of this drug. Rosiglitazone treatment had less effect on glycemic control and adiponectin increase in T2D patients with GG-genotypes of adiponectin (APM1) polymorphism. Pioglitazone treatment had smaller effect on glycemic control in patients with LPL Ser447X polymorphism. Identification of drug-genotype interactions in pharmacogenetic studies of the OAD treatment might have clinical implications in the near future resulting in selection of more specific "patient-tailored therapy" in T2D (Tab. 1, Ref. 58).
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PMID:Pharmacogenetics of oral antidiabetic treatment. 2186 14

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-produced protein involved in regulating glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism, and is encoded by ADIPOQ (APM1) gene. ADIPOQ polymorphisms were previously associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Caucasian and non-Caucasian populations. We investigated the contribution of 13 polymorphisms in the promoter, coding regions, and 3'untranslated region of ADIPOQ gene to T2DM in 917 patients and 748 normoglycemic control subjects. ADIPOQ genotyping was done by allelic discrimination method. Of the 13 ADIPOQ variants analyzed, higher minor allele frequency of rs16861194 (P<0.001), rs17300539 (P<0.001), rs266729 (P<0.001), rs822396 (P=0.02), rs2241767 (P=0.03), and rs1063538 (P=0.02) were seen in T2DM cases. Varied association of ADIPOQ genotypes with T2DM was seen according to the genetic model used: rs17300539 and rs266729 were significantly associated with T2DM under the three models, while rs16861194 was association with T2DM under additive and dominant models, and rs822396, rs2241766, and rs1063538 were associated with T2DM under the dominant models only. Haploview analysis revealed low linkage disequilibrium between the ADIPOQ variants, resulting in high haplotype diversity, and two blocks were identified, each differentially associated with T2DM. These results support a significant association of ADIPOQ gene polymorphism with T2DM in Tunisian Arabs.
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PMID:Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in the adiponectin gene contribute to the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in Tunisian Arabs. 2249 71

Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified over 70 loci associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in multiple populations of European ancestry. However, the risk attributable to an individual variant is modest and does not yet provide convincing evidence for clinical utility. Association between these established genetic variants and T2DM in general populations is hitherto understudied in the isolated populations, such as the Uyghurs, resident in Hetian, far southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. In this case-control study, we genotyped 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 10 genes associated with diabetes in 130 cases with T2DM and 135 healthy controls of Uyghur, a Chinese minority ethnic group. Three of the 13 SNPs demonstrated significant association with T2DM in the Uyghur population. There were significant differences between the T2DM patients and controls in the risk allele distributions of rs3792267 (CAPN10) (P = 0.002), rs1501299 (APM1) (P = 0.017), and rs3760776 (FUT6) (P = 0.031). Allelic carriers of rs3792267-A, rs1501299-T, and rs3760776-T had a 2.24-fold [OR (95% CI): 1.35-3.71], 0.59-fold [OR (95% CI): 0.39-0.91], 0.57-fold [OR (95% CI): 0.34-0.95] increased risk for T2DM respectively. We further confirmed that the cumulative risk allelic scores calculated from the 13 susceptibility loci for T2DM differed significantly between the T2DM patients and controls (P = 0.001), and the effect of obesity/overweight on T2DM was only observed in the subjects with a combined risk allelic score under a value of 17. This study observed that the SNPs rs3792267 in CAPN10, rs1501299 in APM1, and rs3760776 in FUT6 might serve as potential susceptible biomarkers for T2DM in Uyghurs. The cumulative risk allelic scores of multiple loci with modest individual effects are also significant risk factors in Uyghurs for T2DM, particularly among non-obese individuals. This is the first investigation having observed/found genetic variations on genetic loci functionally linked with glycosylation associated with the risk of T2DM in a Uyghur population.
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PMID:The Uyghur population and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes: potential role for variants in CAPN10, APM1 and FUT6 genes. 2737 56


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