Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tagatose, a low-calorie, full-bulk natural sugar, has just attained GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status under U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, thereby permitting its use as a sweetener in foods and beverages. This paper presents all current aspects of tagatose with respect to demonstrated food and beverage applications and the potential health and medical benefits of this unique substance. Summarized studies are referenced to detailed peer-reviewed papers. The safety studies followed the recommendations in the FDA "Red Book." Results were submitted to an Expert Panel for determination of GRAS status under FDA regulation. Small phase 2 clinical trials showed tagatose to be effective in treating type 2 diabetes. The results, buttressed by the references cited, support the efficacy of the various applications disclosed for tagatose. Tagatose has been found to be safe and efficacious for use as a low-calorie, full-bulk sweetener in a wide variety of foods, beverages, health foods, and dietary supplements. It fills broad, heretofore unmet needs for a low-calorie sweetener in products in which the bulk of sugar is important, such as chocolates, chewing gum, cakes, ice cream, and frosted cereals. Its synergism with high-intensity sweeteners also makes it useful in sodas. Various health and medical benefits are indicated, including the treatment of type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, anemia, and hemophilia and the improvement of fetal development.
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PMID:Tagatose, the new GRAS sweetener and health product. 1251 Nov 10

Spherix Inc (formerly Biospherics) is developing tagatose, an orally active lactose derivative for the potential treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The compound is also under investigation for the potential treatment of anemia, hemophilia and medical problems related to infertility, birth weight and excessive maternal food intake. Phase I and II clinical trials have been completed.
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PMID:Drug evaluation: tagatose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. 1708 38

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The main risk factors for HCC are alcoholism, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cirrhosis, aflatoxin, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and hemophilia. Occupational exposure to chemicals is another risk factor for HCC. Often the relationship between occupational risk and HCC is unclear and the reports are fragmented and inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the association of infective and non-infective occupational risk exposure and HCC in order to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure. 2716 70

Despite several innovative medicines gaining worldwide approval in recent years, there are still therapeutic areas for which unsatisfied therapeutic needs persist. For example, high unmet clinical need was observed in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hemophilia, as well as in specific age groups, such as the pediatric population. Given the urgent need to improve the therapy of clinical conditions for which unmet clinical need is established, clinical testing, and approval of new medicines are increasingly being carried out through accelerated authorization procedures. Starting from 1992, the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have supported the so-called Early Access Programs (EAPs). Such procedures, which can be based on incomplete clinical data, allow an accelerated marketing authorization for innovative medicines. The growth in pharmaceutical research has also resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches, such as biotech drugs and advanced therapy medicinal products, including new monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of asthma, antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, and new anticancer drugs that act on genetic biomarkers rather than any specific type of cancer. Even though EAPs and novel therapeutic approaches have brought huge benefits for public health, their implementation is limited by several challenges, including the high risk of safety-related label changes for medicines authorized through the accelerated procedure, the high costs, and the reimbursement and access concerns. In this context, regulatory agencies should provide the best conditions for the implementation of the described new tools.
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PMID:The New Paradigms in Clinical Research: From Early Access Programs to the Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Unmet Medical Needs. 3081 51

Hemophilia is a bleeding diathesis that is most commonly congenital and causes a tendency for significant bleeding during procedures and often manifests as hemarthrosis. However, more rarely, hemophilia can be acquired. Our paper focuses on acquired hemophilia A (AHA), which is caused by the development of an autoantibody (an inhibitor) to factor VIII. A 61-year-old man with a past medical history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and obstructive sleep apnea presented to the emergency department with severe right lower extremity pain and swelling of 2-day duration. He was found to have compartment syndrome and underwent emergent fasciotomy of his right leg. After surgery he still had significant bleeding, despite transfusions and administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) by the surgical team. He was later diagnosed with AHA, but was not adequately responsive to factor VII, factor VIII, steroids nor rituxan and unfortunately had his right lower extremity amputated. He had a prolonged hospital course, which included Streptococcus bovis bacteremia and a code stroke for which head computed tomography (CT) showed probable metastasis. It was acknowledged he had probable metastatic colon cancer, which was not confirmed as the patient transitioned to hospice care. Rather than hemarthrosis, patients with AHA tend to have bleeding in soft tissue or the gastrointestinal tract. AHA can have underlying causes, such as malignancy. AHA associated with malignancy is associated with poorer outcomes and tends to improve with treatment of the underlying malignancy. Therefore, it is important to quickly identify these patients and screen them for underlying etiologies.
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PMID:A Unique Presentation of Spontaneous Compartment Syndrome due to Acquired Hemophilia A and Associated Malignancy: Case Report and Literature Review. 3228 75