Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pituitary metastasis and sarcoidosis are two causes of pituitary stalk thickening. Their association has been described ago three decades. In this setting, we report a case of panhypopituitarism revealing pituitary metastasis from a small-cell lung carcinoma associated with sarcoidosis. A 49 year-old smoking patient with type 2 diabetes was admitted for acute adrenal failure with polyuria polydipsia syndrome and a pituitary tumor syndrome. Hormone explorations confirmed anterior pituitary insufficiency. Water restriction revealed central diabetes insipidus. The hypothalamic-pituitary MRI revealed a 1-cm sellar mass with nodular thickening of the stalk. The chest radiograph showed a heterogeneous opacity in the left lung. The thoraco-abdominal scan demonstrated a mass in the left lung highly suggestive of malignancy and many enlarged mediastinal nodes, hepatic nodules, and hypertrophy of the left adrenal. Bronchoscopy was performed three times and showed infiltration of the left bronchial tree but histological examination of the bronchial biopsies was negative for all samples. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the liver was achieved and histology demonstrated sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was incompatible with the deterioration of the patient's general status. Subsequent radiographic explorations showed an increase in the size of the tumor mass and histological evaluation of a scan-guided trans-thoracic biopsy demonstrated small-cell carcinoma. Small-cell lung carcinoma is the most common cancer with pituitary metastasis. The proposed link between sarcoidosis and malignancy has remained controversial but has not been proven false.
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PMID:[Panhypopituitarism revealing metastasis of small-cell lung carcinoma associated with sarcoidosis]. 1684 Sep 19

The genes TSC1 and TSC2, encoding hamartin and tuberin, respectively, have been shown to be involved in the development of the autosomal dominantly inherited tumor syndrome tuberous sclerosis (TSC). However, inactivation of these genes has also been demonstrated to be associated with sporadic bladder cancer, ovarian and gall bladder carcinoma, non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, astrocytoma, xanthoastrocytoma, ependymomas, oral squamous cell carcinoma and endometrial cancer. The hamartin/tuberin protein complex plays a central role in the regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling network. A wide variety of components of the mTOR cascade have been demonstrated to be involved in many different human cancers. Mutations in several mTOR pathway component genes are known to cause specific monogenic human genetic diseases and this signalling cascade has been shown to be of relevance for Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertrophy. Consequently, e.g. clinical trials for the treatment with rapamycin, a negative regulator of mTOR, of hamartomas in TSC have already been initiated. Now the first evidence is provided for an involvement of the TSC genes in acute leukemia.
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PMID:New insights into the role of the tuberous sclerosis genes in leukemia. 1925 Jun 71

The etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains poorly understood, but some studies have suggested that cigarette smoking or other occupational or environmental exposures, diabetes mellitus, or gastroesophageal reflux may play a role. In this study we evaluated the clinical records of a group of 97 consecutive patients with IPF, and 560 patients suffering 5 different respiratory disorders that were examined as controls: asthma (n=111), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=132), squamous cell lung carcinoma (n=118), lung adenocarcinoma (n=101) and patients with otorhinolaryngology problems but without lung disease (n=98). In bivariate analyses male sex, diabetes mellitus and being former cigarette smoker were associated with IPF. After adjusting by these variables, multivariate analysis revealed that type 2 diabetes mellitus [11.3% in IPF patients vs 2.9% in controls, OR=4.3 (95% CI: 1.9-9.8), p<0.0001] was an independent risk factor associated to IPF. Our results provide additional evidence of a putative relationship between DM2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Experimental research is necessary for thorough assessment of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this association.
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PMID:Risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a Mexican population. A case-control study. 1978 52

Understanding the systemic biological pathways and the key cellular mechanisms that dictate disease states, drug response, and altered cellular function poses a significant challenge. Although high-throughput measurement techniques, such as transcriptional profiling, give some insight into the altered state of a cell, they fall far short of providing by themselves a complete picture. Some improvement can be made by using enrichment-based methods to, for example, organize biological data of this sort into collections of dysregulated pathways. However, such methods arguably are still limited to primarily a transcriptional view of the cell. Augmenting these methods still further with networks and additional -omics data has been found to yield pathways that play more fundamental roles. We propose a previously undescribed method for identification of such pathways that takes a more direct approach to the problem than any published to date. Our method, called latent pathway identification analysis (LPIA), looks for statistically significant evidence of dysregulation in a network of pathways constructed in a manner that implicitly links pathways through their common function in the cell. We describe the LPIA methodology and illustrate its effectiveness through analysis of data on (i) metastatic cancer progression, (ii) drug treatment in human lung carcinoma cells, and (iii) diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. With these analyses, we show that LPIA can successfully identify pathways whose perturbations have latent influences on the transcriptionally altered genes.
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PMID:Network-based prediction for sources of transcriptional dysregulation using latent pathway identification analysis. 2178 8

We report the case of a 61-year-old man with non-small lung cancer with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed clinically significant hypoglycaemia secondary to a first exposure to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections. Whilst artefactual hypoglycaemia during treatment with G-CSF is well recognised, to our knowledge, this is the first report revealing that it can provoke true hypoglycaemia in the absence of leucocytosis.
Lung Cancer 2012 Jan
PMID:True hypoglycaemia secondary to treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a diabetic patient with non-small cell lung cancer. 2212 7

Preclinical evidence suggests that metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug, may inhibit lung cancer progression. We investigated whether metformin use was associated with decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality in lung cancer patients. This study included newly diagnosed lung cancer patients (identified from English National Cancer Data Repository, 1998-2009) with type 2 diabetes (based on UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink prescriptions and diagnosis records). Lung cancer deaths occurring up to 2012 were identified using Office of National Statistics mortality data and the association between metformin use (before and after diagnosis) and risk of lung cancer-specific mortality was calculated using Cox regression models. In analysis of 533 patients, we found a weak non-significant reduction in lung cancer-specific mortality with metformin use after diagnosis (adjusted HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68-1.09). No association was evident for metformin use before diagnosis and cancer-specific mortality in analysis of 1350 patients (adjusted HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.86, 1.11). Associations were similar by duration of use. In addition, after adjustment for potential confounders, there was little evidence of an association between the use of other anti-diabetic medications (either before or after diagnosis) and lung cancer-specific mortality; including sulfonylureas, insulin or other anti-diabetic medications (such as thiazolidinediones). Overall, the results from this population-based study provide little evidence of a protective association between metformin use and cancer mortality in lung cancer patients.
Lung Cancer 2016 Apr
PMID:Metformin use and survival from lung cancer: A population-based cohort study. 2697 4

We report a case of a 67-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, two weeks after his first dose of nivolumab therapy for non-small-cell lung carcinoma. He was started on empagliflozin two days prior in the setting of hyperglycaemia after the initiation of nivolumab therapy. Laboratory evaluation revealed an undetectable C-peptide and a positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody. He was treated with intravenous fluids and insulin infusion and was subsequently transitioned to subcutaneous insulin and discharged home. He subsequently has developed likely autoimmune thyroiditis and autoimmune encephalitis.
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PMID:Rapid-onset diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to nivolumab therapy. 2973 61

Previous studies have reported higher incidences of lung cancer among smokers diagnosed with diabetes than those without. Accordingly, this study investigated whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis alone can be associated with increased lung cancer incidences among never-smokers in the Korean population. Newly diagnosed never-smoking T2DM patients were identified from the nationwide longitudinal cohort of health examination data of South Korea (2002-2013). Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of lung cancer in the T2DM patient and abnormal fasting blood sugar (FBS) groups. T2DM (HR =0.91, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.17) and abnormal FBS level are no significant association with lung cancer incidence based on the given HR. T2DM does not increase the risk of lung cancer among never-smokers. A large cohort study affirms minimal impact of T2DM on lung cancer development in the never-smoking Korean population.
Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019 Dec
PMID:Type 2 diabetes mellitus does not increase the risk of lung cancer among never-smokers: a nationwide cohort study. 3201 May 84