Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is expected to increase gradually with the prolongation of population aging and life expectancy. In addition to macrovascular and microvascular complications of elderly patients of diabetes mellitus, geriatric syndromes such as cognitive impairment, depression, urinary incontinence, falling and polypharmacy are also accompanied by aging. Individual functional status in the elderly shows heterogeneity so that in these patients, there are many unanswered questions about the management of diabetes treatment. The goals of diabetes treatment in elderly patients include hyperglycemia and risk factors, as in younger patients. comorbid diseases and functional limitations of individuals should be taken into consideration when setting treatment targets. Thus, treatment should be individualized. In the treatment of diabetes in vulnerable elderly patients, hypoglycemia, hypotension, and drug interactions due to multiple drug use should be avoided. Since it also affects the ability to self-care in these patients, management of other concurrent medical conditions is also important.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly. 2869 28

With older and aging populations, patients experience multiple chronic diseases at the same time. Individual chronic disease guidelines often recommend pharmacological therapies as a key intervention, resulting in patients being prescribed multiple regular medications for their different diseases. Although the term "polypharmacy" has been applied to the use of multiple medications, there is no consistent definition, and this term is now being used all inclusively. To improve both scientific rigor and optimal patient care, it is crucial that a standard terminology is used, which reclassifies the term "polypharmacy" into distinct phenotypes relating to the index chronic disease, additional conditions to the index (comorbidity), or the experience of multiple chronic conditions at the same time (multimorbidity). Using three exemplar index conditions; heart failure, type 2 diabetes, and breast cancer, we propose the reclassification of the term "polypharmacy" into three distinct phenotypes. First, index drug or multi-index drug therapy, where each index condition creates multiple drug use for that condition; second, codrug therapy, where addition of other comorbid conditions increases the multiple drug use and may influence the management of the index disease and third, multidrug therapy, where adult population with multimorbidity may be on many drugs. This article reviews guidelines for the individual exemplars to develop the basis for the new terms and then develops the pharmacoepidemiology of multiple drug use further by reviewing the evidence on the relationship between the phenotypic classification and important outcomes. The importance of standardizing "polypharmacy" terminology for the scientific agenda and clinical practice is that it relates to an index condition or disease safety outcomes including drug interactions, adverse side effects in hospital admissions, and related "polypill" concept.
 ...
PMID:Conceptualizing multiple drug use in patients with comorbidity and multimorbidity: proposal for standard definitions beyond the term polypharmacy. 3038 27