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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The advantage of treatment for borderline hypertension has been a debate. We studied two of the commonly used antihypertensive drugs, i.e., trichlormethiazide (Fluitran 2 mg/tab) and enalapril (Renitec 5 mg/tab) on urinary albumin excretion in seven NIDDM subjects with borderline hypertension, who had never been treated with antihypertensive drugs before entry into this study. The observation period was 2 months, and the treatment period was 6 months. Trichlormethiazide (1 tab qd) or enalapril (1 tab qd) were randomly assigned for the first 3 months and then patients were switched to the other drug for the following 3 months. During the treatment period, blood pressure, body weight, blood chemistry including renal function tests, and urinary albumin excretion rate were regularly followed up every 1 to 3 months. The results showed that both of the regimens significantly lowered blood pressure and the urinary albumin excretion rate [12.72 (2.56-25.95) micrograms/min at baseline, to 5.11 (3.0-13.73) micrograms/min during trichlormethiazide treatment and 4.96 (1.38-11.14) micrograms/min during enalapril treatment, p less than 0.008]. However, no significant difference was noted between the two drugs. The magnitude of change in the urinary albumin excretion rate did not correlate with the changes in blood pressure. Renal function, glycemic control, and lipid profiles did not change significantly during the treatment period. In conclusion, both trichlormethiazide and enalapril are effective in lowering the urinary albumin excretion rate in NIDDM subjects with borderline hypertension.
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PMID:Effect of treatment of borderline hypertension on microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 168 Sep 96

Calcium antagonists have become widely used as antihypertensive treatment in diabetic patients, although data concerning a possible influence on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and platelet aggregation during long-term, placebo-controlled studies are lacking. Therefore, the effects of isradipine, a new calcium antagonist, on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and on ADP- and collagen-induced maximum first-wave platelet aggregation (Tmax%) were studied in 11 type II diabetic patients with borderline hypertension. After a 2-week washout period, patients were treated with placebo or isradipine for 8 weeks in a double-blind, crossover study. Systolic blood pressure was lowered significantly after isradipine therapy compared to placebo (127 +/- 3 vs. 139 +/- 6 mm Hg; p less than 0.05). Fasting blood glucose (153 +/- 14 vs. 157 +/- 16 mg/dl; NS), glucose levels, and basal (17 +/- 4 vs. 17 +/- 2 mU/ml; NS) and stimulated insulin during the OGTT remained unchanged after either treatment. Platelet aggregation after stimulation with different concentrations of ADP and collagen showed no significant differences. These data indicate that calcium antagonists have no adverse effects on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and platelet aggregation in type II diabetes mellitus, and are therefore useful in the treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients.
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PMID:Platelet aggregation and metabolic control are not affected by calcium antagonist treatment in type II diabetes mellitus. 169 14

Previous investigations have established that the Mexican-American community of south Texas has a three- to five-fold elevated risk for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus when compared to the US population as a whole. In addition, evidence points to similarly increased risks of the related disorders, hypertension and obesity. In this paper, age- and sex-specific rates of borderline and definite hypertension among 1931 Mexican-Americans aged 15 years and above based on a single, at-home blood pressure determination are reported. Observed rates of definite hypertension are uniformly lower than the US population while borderline hypertension is correspondingly higher for all age and sex strata yielding overall prevalences of hypertension which are not significantly different. The Starr sample, however, has one and one-third times as many individuals taking hypertensive medications so that the true rate of hypertension is likely to be higher. Examining sources of blood pressure variability using analyses of covariance indicate that age has the most significant effect. A direct measure of body size was not available, but classification based on simple silhouettes representing body form is shown to be the next most significant effect. Furthermore, the silhouettes appear to provide nearly an equivalent amount of information as does the body mass index as an empirical predictor of blood pressure variability. Diabetic classification is a significant effect for systolic blood pressure in females, but not for males or for diastolic pressure in either.
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PMID:Hypertension and sources of blood pressure variability among Mexican-Americans in Starr County, Texas. 401 90

To evaluate the coexistence of sympathetic overactivity and hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients, a population-based study was conducted of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients recruited from a single community located at northern Taiwan. This study included 2877 (male 1382, female 1495) middle-aged ethnic Chinese adults, aged 45-65 years. Of the 1382 males, 67 had newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas 75 of the 1495 females had type 2 diabetes. The data showed that about 39% of diabetic patients had borderline hypertension (mean blood pressure 141/91 mmHg) whereas the average incidence in non-diabetic subjects was 15.5%. The borderline hypertensive diabetic patients had significantly higher heart rates (mean 78.8 vs. 69.3 beats/min; P < 0.001) than control subjects. However, the cardiac index was similar in both control and diabetic subjects (mean 2.48 vs. 2.53 l/min/m2; P > 0.05). Our data show that sympathetic overactivity and increased incidence of hypertension actually existed in these type 2 diabetic patients of Chinese origin.
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PMID:Increased sympathetic nervous system activity in Chinese hypertensive patients with type II diabetes mellitus. 755 66

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the commonest form of diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nature and prevalence of microalbuminuria (MAU) in NIDDM. One hundred and twenty-eight NIDDM patients participated in this study on the prevalence of microalbuminuria and albumin excretion rate (AER). An attempt was made to correlate them to the clinical profile, glycemic control and to diabetic complications. Eighteen patients had MAU with 14.1% prevalence (males--17.5% v/s females--10.8%; NS). Prevalence of MAU was higher in the third and fourth decades of age (28.6%) with a decrease in the fifth decade (12.5%). Prevalence of MAU also increased progressively with duration of diabetes--13 to 14% (< 10 yrs) to 25% (> 10 yrs). High AER in obese patients (13.4 +/- 5.5 v/s 7.9 +/- 1.4 micrograms/min) supports an association of obesity with albuminuria. The prevalence of MAU in patients with borderline and overt hypertension was not statistically different from that in normotensive NIDDM patients. However, NIDDM with borderline hypertension showed high AER 16.2 +/- 5.6 micrograms/min compared to 7.8 +/- 1.3 micrograms/min in normotensives. Prevalence to MAU and AER increased progressively with the deterioration of glycemic control--from 3.3% in well controlled to 18.9% in fairly controlled (P < 0.5) and 31% in poor controlled patients (P < 0.01). Also AER increased significantly from 3.9 +/- 0.8 to 12.3 +/- 4.1 and 18.4 +/- 4.6 micrograms/min, in patients with well to fairly and poorly controlled glycemia respectively. The prevalence of MAU and AER did not correlate with glycated hemoglobin (GHb) levels. The prevalences of peripheral neuropathy (PN) (42.6% v/s 55.6%) were similar in normo- and microalbuminuric patients. Patients with PN had high AER 11.9 +/- 2.7 micrograms/min. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was equally prevalent in normo- and microalbuminuric NIDDM patients of (20.4% v/s 22.2), and AER was not significantly higher (12.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min) in NIDDM with retinopathy. High prevalences of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in MAU-NIDDM (22.2%; NS) was observed compared to normoalbuminuric (9.3%) patients. Also AER was significantly high in NIDDM associated with CVD (21.9 +/- 10.9 micrograms/min; P < 0.025). It can be concluded that, MAU is more prevalent in third and fourth decades and with longer duration of diabetes. Poor glycemic control was identified as a risk factor as in IDDM for development of MAU. MAU was a marker of generalised vascular dysfunction.
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PMID:Microalbuminuria in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 1099 55