Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the 1997-2002 period, 48 eyes of 41 patients of the mean age 58 years were operated on because of complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In the cohort of operated patients, the type I diabetes mellitus was determined in 10 (21%) cases, the type II diabetes mellitus in 36 (75%) cases, and in two cases (4%), another type of diabetes was detected. One patient of those two had LADA type diabetes and the second one had secondary diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis. In the early postoperative period, or during first three months postoperatively, after the pars plana vitrectomy, the visual acuity (VA) in 28 (59%) eyes improved, in 16 (33%) eyes remained the same, and in 4 eyes (8%) worsened. VA 1/60 (0.017 or 3/200) and better had 37 (77%) eyes, VA 6/60 (0.1 or 20/200) and better had 17 (37%) eyes, and VA 6/12 and better (0.5 or 20/40) had 3 (6%) eyes only. VA worse than 1/60 (0.017 or 3/200) had 11 (23%) eyes. Authors emphasize the importance of regular and detailed ophthalmologic examinations with early diagnosis of pathological changes and early start of adequate treatment.
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PMID:[Early functional effect of the pars plana vitrectomy in complications of the proliferative diabetic retinopathy]. 1578 55

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is not clear, but it is generally agreed, that in addition to vascular components hemorheological disturbances can play a role in the impairment of microvascular flow. The aim of this study was to correlate the severity of retinopathy in diabetic patients with red blood aggregation and some parameters of aggregation. The study was carried out on 52 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-proliferative retinopathy--25 men and 27 women (mean age 63.8 +/- 6.5 years) and 43 healthy--20 men and 23 women (mean age 55.5 +/- 9.6 years). The fundus appearance of patients showed non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Red blood cell aggregation was determined by LORCA aggregometer. Aggregation index (AI), disaggregation shear rate (gamma(p)), time to the half of the disaggregation (t1/2), time constant of fast component in syllectogram (T1), time constant of slow component (T2) and amplitude (total extent of aggregation Am) were measured. In diabetics with non-proliferative retinopathy we observed the increase of AI (66.5 +/- 7.2 vs 59.4 +/- 5.8; p < 0.001), decrease of Am (19.8 +/- 3.3 vs 21.2 +/- 2.7; p < 0.05), decrease of T1 (2.4 +/- 0.5 vs 2.75 +/- 0.42; p < 0.005), increase of T2 (27.6 +/- 4.7 vs 25.75 +/- 4.11; p < 0.05), decrease of t1/2 (1.98 +/- 0.72 vs 2.7 +/- 0.77; p < 0.001) and increase of gamma(p) (215.6 +/- 23.3 vs 98.1 +/- 8.7; p < 0.001). The parameters of erythrocytes aggregation were correlated with intensification of diabetic retinopathy symptoms. Our results show the importance of red blood cell aggregation parameters in the development of diabetic microangiopathy.
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PMID:[Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and red blood cell aggregation]. 1586 41

Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a strong effect on induction of vascular permeability, VEGF is an attractive candidate gene for development of diabetic macular edema (ME). Among the 378 patients with type 2 diabetes studied, 203 patients had no retinopathy, 93 had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 82 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). ME was present in 16 patients with NPDR and 47 patients with PDR. We genotyped three VEGF polymorphisms: C-2,578A, G-1,154A, and C-634G. Genotype and allele distribution of C-634G, but not C-2,578A or G-1,154A, were significantly different between patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the C-634G genotype was a risk factor for DR (p = 0.002), and furthermore for ME (p = 0.047), independently from severity of DR, with the -634C allele increasing the risk. Macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography was correlated with the C-634G genotype, with the trend increasing with the presence of more -634C alleles (p = 0.006). Stepwise regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes and presence of the C-634G genotype were independent predictors of macular thickness. In addition, basic transcriptional activity levels associated with the -634C allele were greater compared to those seen with the -634G allele in human glioma and lymphoblastic T-lymphocyte cells. These results demonstrate that the VEGF C-634G polymorphism is a genetic risk factor for ME as well as DR.
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PMID:Functional VEGF C-634G polymorphism is associated with development of diabetic macular edema and correlated with macular retinal thickness in type 2 diabetes. 1596 67

Measurement of current perception threshold (CPT) using the Neurometer at 2000, 250 and 5 Hz assesses function in three different nerve fibre types. This method was used to investigate peripheral neuropathy in 116 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 38 healthy controls. The CPT at 2000 Hz was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls, and showed a significant negative correlation with motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities. At 250 Hz, CPT showed a significant positive correlation with the vibration perception threshold. At 5 Hz, the change in systolic blood pressure in the Schellong test in patients with hypoaesthesia tended to be less than in those with normal sensation or hyperaesthesia. Significantly higher CPT values were obtained in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macroalbuminuria. These data suggest that CPT is useful in detecting abnormalities of myelinated as opposed to unmyelinated nerve fibres in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Assessment of peripheral neuropathy using measurement of the current perception threshold with the neurometer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1610 48

Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay was used to study the serum levels of the antiendoxin IgA, IgM, IgG antibodies and total immunoglobulins of classes A, M, and G in 62 patients (122 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus at different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Patients with diabetic retinopathy concurrent with type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to have a significant imbalance of antiendotoxin immunity. The highest level of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-IgA was detected in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy that exhibited macular edema, single or multiple aneurysms, hemorrhages, portions of solid lipid exudate and preproliferative diabetic retinopathy, in addition to vascular changes. Much lower levels of anti-LPS-IgA were found in nonproliferative retinopathy in which only retinal vascular changes and in proliferative diabetic retinopathy were noted. The patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by neovascular glaucoma were ascertained to have the lowest levels of antiendotoxin antibodies of all the classes. As compared with the control group, the patients of all groups had the decreased levels of anti-LPS-IgM. The paper presents the results of a correlation analysis of the relationship of the parameters of antiendotoxin immunity to the levels of total immunoglobulins.
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PMID:[Impaired antiendotoxin immunity in patients with diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus]. 1640 60

Diabetic retinopathy is a sight-threatening chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of acquired blindness in adults. The -106C>T polymorphism in the promoter region of the aldose reductase (AR) gene has been shown to be associated with the susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, but the findings regarding the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy are conflicting. In this case-control study, we investigated whether the -106C>T polymorphism in the AR gene is involved in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in 579 Brazilians with type 2 diabetes (424 Caucasian- and 155 African-Brazilians). Patients underwent a clinical and laboratory evaluation consisting of a questionnaire, physical examination, assessment of diabetic complications and laboratory tests. Genotype analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with restriction enzyme. Logistic regression analysis was used to control for independent risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy. There were no differences in either genotype or allele frequencies for the -106C>T polymorphism between type 2 diabetic patients with or without diabetic retinopathy, in both ethnic groups. However, the CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of having proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Caucasian-Brazilians with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR)=2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.21-3.45; P=0.007), independently of other risk factors associated with this complication. Thus, our results show that the -106CC genotype (-106C>T polymorphism) in the AR gene is related to the progression of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasian-Brazilians with type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:The -106CC genotype of the aldose reductase gene is associated with an increased risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Caucasian-Brazilians with type 2 diabetes. 1654 77

To clarify whether polymorphisms of the lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) gene and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene were related to diabetic retinopathy (DR), we performed a case-control study in 251 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in a multicenter research protocol. Genetic analyses were performed by using a fluorescent allele-specific DNA primer assay system. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed in a masked manner by an independent ophthalmologist using fundus photographs and was classified as nondiabetic retinopathy (NDR), nonproliferative retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative retinopathy (PDR). The results showed that the genotype frequencies of 804C/A in exon 3 and 252A/G in intron 1 of the LTA gene were not significantly different among patients with NDR, NPDR, and PDR. A allelic frequency of the TNF-alpha gene (-302A/G in promoter) was also identical among NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that significant associations with DR were glycosylated hemoglobin level and diabetes duration, but not polymorphisms of the LTA gene or TNF-alpha gene. In conclusion, the present study showed no association between polymorphisms 804C/A and 252A/G of the LTA gene and -302A/G of the TNF-alpha gene and DR in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
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PMID:Relationship between polymorphisms 804C/A and 252A/G of lymphotoxin-alpha gene and -308G/A of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene and diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1697 13

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the association between vascular endothelial function and diabetic microangiopathy (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy) in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, the association between endothelial function and macroangiopathy evaluated by intimal-medial complex thickness (IMT) was also investigated. Endothelial function was evaluated non-invasively by the measurement of flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy were assessed by urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and motor or sensory nerve conduction velocity (MCV, SCV), respectively, and retinopathy was evaluated by an ophthalmologist using the Davis classification. FMD was measured in 102 patients with type 2 diabetes and in 20 control subjects, and showed a tendency to be lower in the diabetic patients. There was a significant decrease in FMD in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, compared with those in patients with no diabetic retinopathy. FMD showed significant positive correlations with MCV and SCV, and significant negative correlations with log UAE, systolic blood pressure and diabetic duration, but no correlation was obtained between FMD and IMT. In stepwise regression analysis, MCV alone showed a significant association with FMD. In conclusion, our results show that in patients with type 2 diabetes FMD is closely associated with all types of microangiopathy, with neuropathy being most strongly associated with FMD; however, FMD is not associated with macroangiopathy evaluated by IMT.
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PMID:Association between diabetic microangiopathy and vascular endothelial function evaluated by flow-mediated vasodilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes. 1734 57

We present a 76-year-old woman who developed neovascularization of the posterior capsule 1 year after extracapsular cataract extraction. She had type 2 diabetes for 15 years, with proliferative diabetic retinopathy that had been treated with panretinal photocoagulation. The neovascular vessels on the posterior capsule originated from existing rubeosis iridis and regressed after a single injection of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin). The patient's visual acuity increased to 20/40 after an uneventful neodymium:YAG capsulotomy.
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PMID:Regression of neovascular posterior capsule vessels by intravitreal bevacizumab. 1753 12

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is emerging as a common cause of visual loss. This study was aimed at comparing the relative utility of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) with ophthalmoscopy (OPT) in its diagnosis with a cross-sectional cohort. A total of 100 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus was divided into 3 groups depending on the duration from initial diagnosis and matched by important risk factors. Group A was < 5 years duration and had 31 patients; group B ranged between 5 and 15 years and had 40 patients; and group C were > 15 years with 29 patients. Parameters compared were: Normal retina (NR), background diabetic retinopathy (BDR), preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (PPR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR); and clinically significant maculopathy (MAC). Dye leakage (DL) and micro-aneurysms (MA) were assessed separately as they are recognised early markers of DR. Result analysis revealed that FFA is well correlated with OPT (0.99) for all groups except group A, where DL (35.5%) played a significant role in altering the correlation (0.85 versus 0.98--OPT versus FFA); 8% of total patients revealed a worse grade with FFA compared to OPT, so appropriate grading of retinopathy is better with FFA at any duration. Less severe varieties of DR predominate in all the groups (BDR-77.4%, 80%, 24.1% respectively), more severe varieties dominate in group C (17.2% and 58.6% of PPR and PDR respectively). MAC is present significantly in group C. FFA is strongly advised, at least in the high-risk groups, at initial diagnosis for detection of DL and also appropriate grading. OPT is a simple and adequate option beyond 5 years of duration. OPT is as good as FFA for the diagnosis of MAC.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of ophthalmoscopy and angiography for the assessment of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1780 75


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