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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an invasive fungal sinusitis with a high mortality rate, especially in immunocompromised patients. A 70-year-old woman, with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, presented with a one-month history of non-specific headaches associated with progressive swelling of her left eye. Computed tomography of the brain and orbits showed the extensive involvement of bilateral intranasal sinuses, orbits, extraocular muscle and soft tissues. The diagnosis of invasive mucormycosis was confirmed from a tissue biopsy taken from the internasal septum. Despite the extensive mucormycosis invasion, she was successfully treated with intranasal and systemic amphotericin B and minimal adjunctive intranasal sphenoidotomy.
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PMID:Invasive rhinocerebral mucormycosis with orbital extension in poorly- controlled diabetes mellitus. 1935 53

Dental infections and maxillary sinusitis are the main causes of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis can occur in all age groups, and is more frequently found in the lower jaw than in the upper jaw. Systemic conditions that can alter the patient's resistance to infection including diabetes mellitus, anemia, and autoimmune disorders are predisposing factors for osteomyelitis. We report a case of uncommon broad maxillary osteonecrosis precipitated by uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic maxillary sinusitis in a female patient in her seventies with no history of bisphosphonate or radiation treatment.
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PMID:Chronic maxillary sinusitis and diabetes related maxillary osteonecrosis: a case report. 2673 61

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection affecting patients with diabetes. It is an angioinvasive disease often resistant to treatment with a debilitating course and high mortality. Here, we report a case of a 45 year old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented to us with history of right-sided ptosis and facial palsy, and subsequently developed loss of vision and palatal palsy. She was in diabetic ketoacidosis. Nervous system examination revealed involvement of right second, third, fourth, sixth, seventh, ninth, and tenth cranial nerves, suggestive of Garcin syndrome. The hard palate had been eroded with formation of black eschar. Computed tomography of paranasal sinuses revealed right maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis, with spread of inflammation to infratemporal fossa and parapharynygeal neck spaces. Debridement of sinus mucosa was done, and culture of the same yielded growth of rhizopus species. Histopathological examination of the tissue showed angioinvasion and fungal hyphae suggestive of mucormycosis. She was treated with amphotericin B, posaconazole, and periodic nasal sinus debridement, but her general condition worsened after 8 weeks due to secondary sepsis and she succumbed to death.
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PMID:The "black evil" affecting patients with diabetes: a case of rhino orbito cerebral mucormycosis causing Garcin syndrome. 2840 68

Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive beta-hemolytic bacteria, also known as group A streptococci, that causes a range of infections. The most common presentation is acute pharyngitis; however, it is also implicated in skin and soft tissue infections, and less commonly bacteremia, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, otitis media and sinusitis. Group A streptococci infections of the central nervous system are exceedingly rare in the antibiotic era. The mechanism of infection is typically contiguous spread from existing infection or via direct inoculation. We present a case of an 81-year-old female with a past medical history of dementia, transient ischemic attacks, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, descending thoracic aortic aneurysm status post-stent placement in 2008, hepatitis C and hyperlipidemia who initially presented after being found unresponsive at home. Her initial symptoms were primarily of altered mentation and on evaluation was found to be in septic shock with suspicion of meningoencephalitis. Her initial workup included a computed tomography of head which was remarkable for left and right mastoid effusions. A lumbar puncture was performed with cloudy purulent fluid, an elevated white blood cell count, low glucose and elevated protein. The patient was initially started on broad spectrum coverage and soon had 4/4 blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid cultures growing Streptococcus pyogenes. Empiric vancomycin, ceftriaxone and ampicillin were administered but switched to penicillin G in the setting of elevated total bilirubin and septic shock with multi-organ failure and narrowed to ampicillin-sulbactam based on sensitivities. Unfortunately, the patient deteriorated further due to septic shock and multi-organ failure and later died in the medical intensive care unit.
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PMID:Streptococcus pyogenes and invasive central nervous system infection. 2989 87