Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of human serum albumin (HSA) on Asahipak GS-520H columns at neutral pH (6.87) showed a clear resolution of human mercaptalbumin (HMA) and nonmercaptalbumin (HNA), which are reduced and oxidized form of HSA, respectively. We studied the conversion of HMA to HNA (mercapt-nonmercapt conversion) as an index of oxidative change of the tissues and organs in 28 normal subjects and in a total of 47 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Mean (+/- SD) values of the HMA fraction of HSA, f(HMA), [HMA/(HMA + HNA)], was significantly lower in NIDDM patients than in normal subjects (0.63 +/- 0.067 vs 0.75 +/- 0.028, P < 0.001). It was lower in poorly controlled NIDDM patients (0.63 +/- 0.058, n = 20) than in well controlled NIDDM patients (0.67 +/- 0.032, n = 9) (P < 0.05). Plasma glucose values sampled on occasions including overnight fasting and postprandial ones (r = -0.441, n = 47, P < 0.01), but not plasma glucose values sampled on overnight fasting (r = -0.345, n = 29) or postprandial (r = -0.467, n = 18) conditions and HbA1c (r = -0.211, n = 34), negatively correlated with the f(HMA) values, indicating that mercapt-nonmercapt conversion may not be due to cumulative hyperglycemia over a month, but due to short-term alteration in blood glucose level. The presence or absence of diabetic complications including nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy did not affect the f(HMA) values. In conclusion, decreased f(HMA) values in the diabetic patients suggested the presence of a rapidly altered oxidative change of albumin due to hyperglycemia.
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PMID:Increased oxidized form of human serum albumin in patients with diabetes mellitus. 128 16

We prospectively conducted a hospital based study to determine the prevalence of vascular complications in NIDDM and their risk factors. Using standard protocol for interviewing, physical examination and laboratory investigations, we studied 207 patients from the diabetic clinic and medical outpatient department (ratio 3.9:1) by systematic sampling. The prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease cerebrovascular disease, peripheral and large vessel disease was 22.2, 22.2, 8.2, 21.3 and 34.8 per cent respectively. We found that the prevalence of small vessel disease, retinopathy and nephropathy was 34.3, 25.1 and 12.5 per cent respectively. The complications were slightly higher in females and increased with duration of diabetes. By univariate and logistic regression analysis, we found that the risk factors of large vessel disease were body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes and for small vessel disease were duration of diabetes and high uric acid.
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PMID:Vascular complications in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen. 130 93

Twenty-four hour urinary albumin concentrations were measured in 113 (mean age 51.1 years) non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) Nigerian diabetics (50 males, 63 females). A high prevalence of microalbuminuria (> or = 30 mg/24 hour) was observed in male (54%) as well as female diabetics (59%). Microalbuminuria was also observed in a high proportion of diabetics (52%) with a short duration (< 5 years) of disease. Elevated blood pressure and retinopathy were present in 41% and 16% of patients respectively. Among the 49 patients with normoalbuminuria (< 30 mg/24 hour), six (12%) had retinopathy compared with 12 (18%) in the microalbuminuria group. Diastolic blood pressure levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in male diabetics with retinopathy but this was not associated with higher albuminuria. Urinary albumin concentrations were not influenced by elevated blood pressure. There were no significant differences in age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure or serum creatinine between diabetics with and without microalbuminuria. These results suggest that though there is a high prevalence of microalbuminuria amongst NIDDM Nigerian diabetics it may not predict retinopathy and occurs independently of either glycaemic control or elevated blood pressure levels.
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PMID:Microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent (type 2) Nigerian diabetics: relation to glycaemic control, blood pressure and retinopathy. 144 4

A total of 439 individuals with diabetes mellitus were examined for carriage of yeasts by the oral rinse and palatal swab techniques. Eighteen genetic or environment variables were assessed for their contribution to carriage of yeasts. The factor contributing to palatal and oral carriage of yeasts among individuals with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was age (P < 0.01). The factor contributing to palatal carriage of yeasts among individuals with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was poor glycaemic control (glycosuria P < 0.01); carriage in the oral cavity as a whole was influenced additionally by non-secretion of ABH blood group antigens (P < 0.05). Introduction of a denture altered the above risk factors. For individuals with IDDM, oral carriage was associated with the presence of retinopathy (P < 0.05); palatal carriage was influenced by poor glycaemic control (HbA1P < 0.01, plasma glucose levels P < 0.05) and age (P < 0.05). For those with NIDDM, palatal carriage was associated with continuous presence of the denture in the mouth (P < 0.01); oral carriage was associated with plasma glucose levels (P < 0.05).
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PMID:Factors influencing oral carriage of yeasts among individuals with diabetes mellitus. 146 35

Displacement thresholds for an oscillating bar, which fall into the hyperacuity range, were determined in 21 subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and 19 age-matched visually normal controls. The diabetic subjects were classed as either having minimal or no retinopathy. Whilst thresholds for the diabetic group were significantly raised above those of the normal group, there were no significant differences in thresholds between the diabetic subgroup with retinopathy and the subgroup without. Greater thresholds tended to be found at higher frequencies of oscillation as the known duration of the diabetes increased.
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PMID:Visual dysfunction in type II diabetic patients revealed by a hyperacuity test. 147 92

To assess the quality of screening for diabetic retinopathy by 19 general practitioners (GPs) using ophthalmoscopy, the GPs' performance was compared with the performance of ophthalmologists. The GPs had received special training in retinal examination. Direct ophthalmoscopy was performed after mydriasis of both eyes. Later, one of the ophthalmologists at the local hospital performed ophthalmoscopy in the same way as the GP. The ophthalmologist's diagnosis was used as the criterion for retinopathy. 252 NIDDM patients were analysed. The ophthalmologists found 23 cases of retinopathy, of which one patient was referred immediately for photocoagulation. The GPs diagnosed 12 and missed 11 of these 23 cases (false negatives): sensitivity 52%. In 37 of the 229 negative cases the GPs reported a retinopathy: specificity 84%. Of the 11 missed cases, 7 had stage I retinopathy and four showed more serious abnormalities (hard and soft exudates, macular oedema) Further training of GPs in the art of ophthalmoscopy is recommended.
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PMID:Screening for diabetic retinopathy by general practitioners. 148 Aug 72

To investigate the frequency and etiology of diabetic osteopenia, we measured spinal bone mineral density (SBMD), total body bone mineral density (TBBMD), total body fat and lean body mass in 69 female diabetic patients (14 IDDMs and 55 NIDDMs). SBMD decreased with age in both IDDM and NIDDM, but when expressed as a percentage of age-matched normal Japanese females, some had lower SEMD, but others had normal or increased SBMD. Postmenopausal IDDM patients had lower SBMD than postmenopausal NIDDM patients. Thirteen out of 69 (18.8%) had an SBMD lower than 90% of age-matched controls. SBMD correlated positively with TBBMD. Those with lower SBMD had poor glycemic control, but there was no relation between SBMD and either duration of diabetes or presence of retinopathy and/or nephropathy. IDDM patients had lower 1.25 (OH)2D, osteocalcin than NIDDMs. SBMD correlated negatively with urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline excretion. SBMD correlated positively with body weight, and those with lower SBMD had significantly lower body mass index, body weight, fat weight and lean body mass than those with normal or increased SBMD. These results suggest that IDDM patients may be at higher risk of losing bone postmenopausally, and diabetic patients with lower SBMD have characteristics of poor diabetic control, lean habitus, low serum 1.25 (OH)2D.
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PMID:[Spinal bone mineral density in the female diabetic patients]. 149 83

A prospective study of the prevalence and causes of persistent albuminuria (greater than 300 mg/24 hr) was conducted in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, age less than 66 years, attending a diabetic clinic during 1987. All eligible patients (N = 370) were asked to collect at least one 24-hour urine sample for albumin analysis. Urine collection was obtained in 224 males and 139 females (98%). Fifty patients (7 women) suffered from persistent albuminuria (13.8%). The prevalence of albuminuria was significantly higher in males (19%) than in females (5%). A kidney biopsy was performed in 35 patients (70%). The kidney biopsies revealed diffuse and/or nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis in 27 patients (77%), while the remaining eight patients (23%) had a variety of non-diabetic glomerulopathies, such as minimal lesion and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 15 of 27 patients (56%) with diabetic glomerulosclerosis, while none of the eight patients with a non-diabetic glomerulopathy had retinopathy. Our cross sectional study has revealed a high prevalence of albuminuria and of non-diabetic glomerulopathy as a cause of this complication in NIDDM patients. Presence of diabetic retinopathy strongly suggests that a diabetic glomerulopathy is the cause of albuminuria. Albuminuric non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients without retinopathy require further evaluation, that is, kidney biopsy.
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PMID:Prevalence and causes of albuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 151 98

The prevalences of risk factors and angiopathy were studied in 260 diabetic patients, 100 females and 160 males, 35-54 years old, in Uppsala. The prevalence, in females and males separately, of hypertension (WHO-criteria) was 46-34%, of hypercholesterolaemia (greater than or equal to 6.7 mmol.l-1) 32-29%, and of obesity (relative BMI greater than or equal to 120%) 25-20%. Those smoking greater than 15 cigarettes/day were 11-20%. Mean HbA1 was 10.6-10.5%. The prevalence of angina pectoris was 11-6%, of possible infarction 4-6%, and of major ECG abnormalities 6-4%. Large vessel (cardiovascular) disease was independently related to HbA1 (strongly), hypertension, cholesterol, age and familial NIDDM. The prevalence of severe retinopathy (blindness, new vessels or large hemorrhage) was 0% with 7-13 years of diabetes duration, and 26% with greater than or equal to 14 years of duration. The prevalence of severe proteinuria was 4% with 7-13 years of diabetes duration, and 15% with greater than or equal to 14 years of duration. Small vessel (retinopathy and nephropathy) disease was independently related to diabetes duration (strongly), HbA1 and hypertension. The data were discussed related to data from the London, Berlin and Tokyo centres of the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetics, using the same study protocol in the present study.
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PMID:Prevalences of risk factors and angiopathy in diabetic patients in Uppsala. 152 37

The sudden death of a diabetic patient (NIDDM) during Holter monitoring is described. The patient was a 64-yr-old male with an 11-yr history of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, autonomic nervous dysfunction, and old myocardial infarction. In spite of all these complications, he remained asymptomatic and eventually resumed his normal activities, including a daily 1-h walk, until his sudden death. The cause of death was considered to be cardiac disease, but was not confirmed by autopsy. A detailed analysis of his Holter monitoring is given.
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PMID:Sudden death of a diabetic patient during Holter monitoring. 156 51


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