Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PPARgamma is a therapeutic target that has been exploited for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with agonist drugs. Since PPARgamma is expressed by many hematopoietic, mesodermal and epithelial cancers, agonist drugs were tested and shown to have both preclinical and clinical anticancer activities. While preclinical activity has been observed in many cancer types, clinical activity has been observed only in pilot and phase II trials in liposarcoma and prostate cancer. Most studies address agonist compounds, with substantially fewer reports on anticancer effects of PPARgamma antagonists. In cancer model systems, some effects of PPARgamma agonists were not inhibited by PPARgamma antagonists, suggesting noncanonical or PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. In addition, PPARgamma antagonists, such as T0070907 and GW9662, have exhibited antiproliferative effects on a broad range of hematopoietic and epithelial cell lines, usually with greater potency than agonists. Also, additive antiproliferative effects of combinations of agonist plus antagonist drugs were observed. Finally, there are preclinical in vivo data showing that antagonist compounds can be administered safely, with favorable metabolic effects as well as antitumor effects. Since PPARgamma antagonists represent a new drug class that holds promise as a broadly applicable therapeutic approach for cancer treatment, it is the subject of this review.
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PMID:Potential of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist compounds as therapeutic agents for a wide range of cancer types. 1877 71

High levels of oxidative stress were reported in obesity-linked type 2 diabetes and were associated with elevated formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Many studies have focused on the effect of antioxidants on vascular and circulating cells such as macrophages. However, despite the major role of adipocytes in the etiology of diabetes, little is known about the effect of natural antioxidants on adipocyte response to oxidative stress. The present study reports the differential protective effects of plant nutrients toward adipose cells subjected to oxidative stress. Caffeic acid, quercetin, L: -ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol were tested on SW872 liposarcoma cells subjected to a free radical generator or to AGEs. Proliferation, viability, free radical formation, and superoxide dismutase expression were assessed in treated cells. Caffeic acid and quercetin appeared as the most potent antioxidant nutrients. Our findings clearly show a novel antioxidant role for caffeic acid and quercetin at the adipose tissue level. These new data confirm the beneficial role of phytotherapy as an interesting alternative mean for the development of novel therapeutical and nutritional strategy to prevent metabolic disorders inherent to obesity-linked diabetes.
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PMID:Effects of nutritional antioxidants on AAPH- or AGEs-induced oxidative stress in human SW872 liposarcoma cells. 1915 16

We are reporting a case of co-existing left sided pelvic and right sided adrenal myelolipomas in a 68-year-old male patient. Both lesions were incidentally discovered on CT whilst undergoing a staging scan for suspected urinary bladder cancer. The patient had a background of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Contrast enhanced CT scan showed both lesions to be of mixed fat and soft tissue density. Given the size, location, and attenuation characteristics of the pelvic mass, retroperitoneal liposarcoma was thought to be a differential diagnosis, prompting the decision for an elective CT-guided biopsy. Both masses were targeted successfully using core biopsy needles. Subsequently, histopathology results for both the right adrenal and the left pelvic masses showed features compatible with myelolipomas. The right retroperitoneal mass was compatible with an adrenal myelolipoma and left pelvic mass was deemed as an extra-adrenal myelolipoma (EAML).
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PMID:A rare case of co-existing adrenal and pelvic myelolipomas. 3011 62