Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of 12 months of simvastatin treatment were examined in 48 NIDDM patients with total serum cholesterol levels exceeding 220 mg/dl and were compared with those in 35 nondiabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. In the diabetic group, 5-10 mg of simvastatin given once daily at bedtime significantly lowered total cholesterol (21%). LDL cholesterol (28%), apoB (15%) and triglycerides (8%) levels. These changes were identical to those in the nondiabetic group, except for triglycerides which did not change significantly. HDL cholesterol increased significantly in the nondiabetic group but not in the diabetic group. The reductions in LDL cholesterol and apoB in hypercholesterolemic patients with NIDDM were not influenced by gender, age, glycemic control, the presence or absence of systemic hypertension, obesity and overt proteinuria. In addition, the decrease in LDL cholesterol was not affected by the number of risk factors per patient. Simvastatin did not significantly alter hemoglobin A1c or fasting plasma glucose and was well tolerated in both groups. Simvastatin produced beneficial effects on serum lipids and apolipoproteins and neutral effects on glycemic control in hypercholesterolemic patients with NIDDM, whether or not they had an additional atherosclerotic risk factor.
 ...
PMID:Long-term effects of simvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients with NIDDM and additional atherosclerotic risk factors. Hyogo Simvastatin Study Group. 764 76

The study was conducted on 30 NIDDM patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. They consisted of 13 males and 17 females with the mean (+/- S.D.) age of 60.6 +/- 7.6 year. They were treated with a daily dose of 10 mg pravastatin given orally twice a day for 16 weeks. Their mean (+/- S.D.) serum TC, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C levels at week 0 were 259.7 +/- 22.6, 177.4 +/- 20.3, 173.9 +/- 62.3 and 44.0 +/- 9.9 mg/dl respectively. After receiving pravastatin the maximal reduction of TC, LDL-C and TG was 22.9, 31.2 and 17.1 per cent with statistical significant difference from the baseline. The maximal increment of HDL-C was 11.9 per cent, also showing statistical significant difference from the baseline. Plasma glucose, serum fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin were not affected by pravastatin. There were no significant changes in the patients' body weight and other biochemical parameters except for one case who had transient slight increase in transaminase during pravastatin treatment. These results indicate that pravastatin is an effective and safe drug in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia.
 ...
PMID:Clinical evaluation of pravastatin in the treatment of type II hyperlipidemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 764 27

The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia is similar in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients and in non-diabetic subjects. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia and of low high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is roughly double the norm in NIDDM, but the exact prevalence varies greatly from study to study. Obesity and a familial form of hypertriglyceridaemia (conditions that may alter plasma lipoprotein levels) are frequently observed in NIDDM patients. In carefully controlled NIDDM patients without concomitant primary hyperlipoproteinaemia, body weight may be more important than glycaemic control or the type of treatment plan adopted in determining lipoprotein levels. Hypertriglyceridaemia in NIDDM is a result of both increased very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis and impaired VLDL catabolism. Whilst low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) levels are normal, the LDL synthesis and removal rates may be increased. Low high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) levels may be due to increased catabolism. In addition to quantitative changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. NIDDM patients demonstrate qualitative lipoprotein alterations. The size and density of LDL particles in NIDDM patients are greatly affected by triglyceride levels. Smaller, denser LDL particles have been observed in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects. Glycosylation of apolipoproteins may alter the metabolic properties of lipoproteins. Glycosylated and small, dense LDL have an increased susceptibility to oxidation.
 ...
PMID:Dyslipoproteinaemia in manifest diabetes. 798 5

Diabetes is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease in the absence of the major risk factors--cigarette smoking, hypertension and serum cholesterol concentration. When these risk factors are present, the attributable risk to each factor alone and to the combination of risk factors is higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. Thus, stringent measures to correct risk factors for cardiovascular disease have been advocated in diabetic patients. In addition to hypercholesterolaemia, other lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities collectively referred to as diabetic dyslipidaemia probably contribute to vascular risk. Hypertriglyceridaemia, often associated with low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, is common in NIDDM patients and is associated with insulin resistance. Recent information in diabetic patients, pointing to the association of hypertriglyceridaemia with accumulation of remnant particles and alterations in low-density-lipoprotein subfractions, helps to explain the strong relationship between hypertriglyceridaemia and vascular risk in these individuals. Although there are as yet no intervention trials with lipid-lowering diets or drugs in diabetic patients to judge the impact on vascular disease, national and international bodies have furnished guidelines for the identification and treatment of lipid disorders in diabetes in the hope of reducing the huge toll of vascular disease in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Diabetic dyslipidaemia: treatment implications. 798 8

Drug treatment in patients who feel well but have an elevated risk of disease and premature death is steadily increasing. This kind of treatment is qualitatively different from the ordinary practice where patients visit a doctor because of symptoms or complaints. In recent decades, great confidence has evolved in this kind of risk intervention. Antihypertensive treatment is one example and risk intervention with drugs is also used in cases of hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. The effect of this effort on public health has not been as great as expected. This kind of treatment has emerged gradually and without debating the principles. The author wants to start a debate about what kind of treatment we are experiencing. Is it quasi-treatment based on the premises of the technology? Should we think again about this kind of practice? The author suggests subjects for further debate, including the use of precise language, better co-operation with the persons at risk and further research.
 ...
PMID:[Drug risk intervention--a care technology in crisis?]. 800 87

The clinical efficacy of the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase inhibitor simvastatin in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), was examined in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 6 months in 70 patients with NIDDM (age 25-70 years), of whom 57 were randomised to placebo (29 patients) or simvastatin for 6 months, following a 3-month run-in on diet. Patients were hypercholesterolaemic (7.8 (7.6-8.0) (mean (95% confidence intervals)) mmol/l simvastatin vs. 8.0 (7.7-8.5) mmol/l placebo) and mildly hypertriglyceridaemic (2.6 (2.2-3.0) simvastatin vs. 2.9 (2.3-3.5) placebo). Other lipid measures and estimates of glycaemic control and haemostasis were similar in both groups. There were no significant changes in lipids, haemostatic factors, or measures of glycaemic control in the placebo treatment group. Conversely by the end of 24 weeks, simvastatin produced a 28% reduction in cholesterol (to 5.6 (5.0-6.2) mmol/l (P < 0.001)), a 38% reduction in LDL cholesterol (from 5.5 (5.4-5.6) mmol/l to 3.4 (2.8-4.0) mmol/l, P < 0.001), a 15% reduction in triglyceride (to 2.2 (1.8-2.6) mmol/l, P < 0.05, and a 9% rise in HDL (from 1.16 (1.07-1.25) to 1.23 (1.14-1.32) mmol/l, P < 0.05). Improvements in apolipoprotein B (apo B) (-28%, P < 0.001), the LDL cholesterol to apo B ratio (-20%, P < 0.001), and apo A1 (+15%, P < 0.001) were recorded. There were no effects upon fibrinogen, factor VII activity, factor VIII activity, or measures of glycaemic control (fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, or HbA1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Simvastatin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effect on serum lipids, lipoproteins and haemostatic measures. 807 Mar 2

We studied the prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) and hyperlipemia in older than 15 years old population in the city of San Luis Potosi and in a rural area 50 km north of this city. They are located in the state of San Luis Potosi in the central plateau of Mexico. A total of 1136 subjects were surveyed (645 males, 491 females). Weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) calculated in all subjects. After a fasting capillary sample was obtained, 75 g of glucose were given and a second sample was taken 120 minutes later. The WHO recommendations for diagnosis of DM were used. The overall prevalence of DM was 10.0%: the lowest rate was for individuals in the rural area (0.9%) which contrasts with the 11% seen in the urban population (p 0.0001). In the urban subjects, the highest rates were observed in the very low income group (27.7%) whereas the low income group had a rate of 6.2%; the prevalence was 7.0, 7.7 and 18.2% in the medium, high medium and high socioeconomic groups. The prevalence was influenced by age, BMI, sex (males = 6.8% females = 14.3%) and socioeconomic status; hypercholesterolemia (> 200 mg/dL) was found in 16%. In conclusion, we have documented high rates of NIDDM in a mexican urban population with very high levels in the very poor which contrasts with the rural population.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalences of diabetes, glucose intolerance, hyperlipemia and risk factors as a function of socioeconomic level]. 807 61

In the present study, we examined the levels of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with hypercholesterolemia in different apolipoprotein E (apo E) phenotypes. We also examined the influences of apo E polymorphism on the response to pravastatin. The patients were divided into three groups, E4/E3, E3/E3, and E3/E2. There were no differences in the baseline levels of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins, except that the level of triglycerides in E3/E2 heterozygotes was significantly higher than E3/E3 homozygotes. Three months of pravastatin administration significantly reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in each group to the same degree. We observed a significant reduction of apo B both in the E4/E3 and E3/E3 groups and apo E in the E3/E3 group. Such reduction was not observed in the E3/E2 group. We conclude that pravastatin is a potent drug to correct lipid abnormalities, particularly in NIDDM patients with apo E4/E3 and E3/E3. In the E3/E2 group, its effectiveness may be diminished.
 ...
PMID:Apolipoprotein E polymorphism affects the response to pravastatin on plasma apolipoproteins in diabetic patients. 834 25

Abnormalities of plasma lipids are highly prevalent in both types of diabetes, but there are important quantitative and qualitative differences that this paper reviews. The importance of abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism as determinant of vascular risk in general population is similar in diabetes, where there is chronic hyperglycemia associated, but it is considered as an independent vascular risk factor. People with IDDM in adequate glycemic control generally have plasma lipid concentrations in normal levels, but in NIDDM, even in good glycemic control, there are another factors associated and usually there are hypertriglyceridemia and total hypercholesterolemia with reduced HDL fraction. Carbohydrate-rich diet increase plasma triglyceride levels and low HDL-cholesterol levels in the majority of studies. Substitute monounsaturated fats in the diet to replace saturated fats lowers total cholesterol and LDL fraction and increase HDL, in addition it acts over others vascular risk factors. These findings were taken into account by ADA and recently revises their 1986 dietary recommendations with the same goals of medical nutrition therapy but with individualized approach appropriate for the personal life style to facilitate adherence to achieve the glycemic, lipid body weight and blood pressure aims with a good quality of live.
 ...
PMID:[Lipid metabolism and new dietetic recommendations in diabetes mellitus]. 867 45

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among subjects having diabetes and glucose intolerance, according to the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel II, ATP II). This survey consisted of 2090 subjects (856 men, 1234 women) aged 30 years or more from the Sun-Ming district of Kaohsiung city. Glucose tolerance status was ascertained for both medical history and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test according to World Health Organization criteria. Frequency of elevated total cholesterol in female subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance is significantly greater than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). However, only male subjects with undiagnosed NIDDM (UDDM) had a statistically higher rate of hypercholesterolemia than those with NGT. Of UDDM individuals, 68% have total cholesterol level between 200 and 239 mg/dl and two or more risk factors for heart disease or evidence of coronary heart disease or total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dl or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < or = 35 mg/dl. Such individuals should have their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measured. Using the ATP II, LDL cholesterol levels warranting dietary treatment for hypercholesterolemia would be expected in 76% of UDDM. Due to the high prevalence of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients, investigation of blood lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk factors should be routine in these patients, and treatment strategies should include management of lipid disorders and the many other risk factors. A high frequency of dyslipidemia was found among UDDM group in our study. Early detection of undiagnosed diabetic patients is also very important in decreasing the prevalence of coronary heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Hypercholesterolemia in undiagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes in southern Taiwan. 868 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>