Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Untreated anemia can caused significant cardiac and kidney damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of anemia and hyperglycemia treatment in type 2 diabetes and their impact on kidney and heart impairment. The study is clinical retrospective and prospective and it was conducted in Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Sarajevo. Prior to the study all patients were taking oral hypoglycemic drugs included sulfonylureas and biguanides. These subjects were put on 2 times daily fix mix insulin and biguanides after lunch. Each day, subjects received Iron tab 1 x 100 mg/ day, and C vitamin 1 x 100 mg/day. The results of our study are showing that effective treatment of glycaemia and anemia in patients with diabetes, reduces blood pressure, urine albumin secretion and pulse rate, diminishing cardiovascular damage and improving kidney function.
 ...
PMID:Effects of hyperglycemia and iron deficiency on kidney and heart function in type 2 diabetes disease. 1653 86

Fetal programming is gaining momentum as a highly documented phenomenon which links poor early growth to adult disease. It is backed up by large cohorts in epidemiological studies worldwide and has been tested in various animal models. The root causes of programming link closely with maternal condition during pregnancy, and therefore the fetal environment. Suboptimal fetal environments due to poor or inadequate nutrition, infection, anemia, hypertension, inflammation, gestational diabetes or hypoxia in the mother expose the fetus to hormonal, growth factor, cytokine or adipokine cues. These in turn act to alter metabolic, immune system, vascular, hemodynamics, renal, growth and mitochondrial parameters respectively and most evidently in the later stages of life where they impact on the individual as poor glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity and heart disease. These events are compounded by over-nutrition or lifestyle choices which are in conflict with the programming of the fetus. We and others have utilised various species to test the early life programming hypothesis and to identify key molecular mechanisms. With parallel studies of human cohorts, these molecular markers can be validated as realistic targets for intervention.
 ...
PMID:Mechanisms by which poor early growth programs type-2 diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. 1678 39

Anemia is a common finding in diabetes, particularly in patients with albuminuria or renal impairment. We recently showed that at least 1 in 5 outpatients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in tertiary clinics have anemia, in whom it constitutes a significant additional burden. Anemia is associated strongly with an increased risk of diabetic complications including nephropathy, retinopathy, and heart failure. Although a number of factors contribute to an increased prevalence of anemia in diabetes, an uncoupling of hemoglobin concentration and renal erythropoietin synthesis associated with tubular dysfunction appears to be the dominant factor. In our patients with diabetes and anemia, more than three quarters had functional erythropoietin deficiency. This association was most pronounced in patients with renal impairment, in whom nearly half of all patients had anemia. However, 70% of anemic patients without renal impairment also had inappropriately low erythropoietin levels. Consequently, the likelihood of functional erythropoietin deficiency, as a cause of anemia in patients with diabetes, is not dependent on the severity of renal impairment. Although there is a clear rationale for correction of anemia in diabetes, it remains to be established whether this will lead to improved outcomes. Some small studies suggest improvement in cardiac outcomes and hospitalization. It is anticipated that large ongoing studies will help define the optimal approach to the management of anemia in diabetes.
 ...
PMID:The high prevalence of anemia in diabetes is linked to functional erythropoietin deficiency. 1694 65

Spherix Inc (formerly Biospherics) is developing tagatose, an orally active lactose derivative for the potential treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The compound is also under investigation for the potential treatment of anemia, hemophilia and medical problems related to infertility, birth weight and excessive maternal food intake. Phase I and II clinical trials have been completed.
 ...
PMID:Drug evaluation: tagatose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. 1708 38

The next decade will face an increase in the number of patients affected by end-stage renal disease. In line with the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and old age in the general population, we can expect a dramatic increase of uremic patients needing a substitutive treatment of renal function. On the basis of the current trends, we expect an exponential growth of cardiovascular complications in both dialysis and transplant populations. Progress in the treatment of end-stage renal disease will aim at the prevention of cardiovascular complications, that remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in uremic patients. Preventive interventions for cardiovascular complications should focus on traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, as well as on the non traditional risk factors inherent in the uremic state, such as anemia, hyperphosphoremia, hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammation and malnutrition. Recent and future innovations in peritoneal dialysis solutions include a larger use of icodextrin, a glucose polymer able to enhance ultrafiltration while inducing less glycation and caloric absorption, and perhaps improving blood pressure control. The gene therapy directed to the mesothelial cells should bring about improvements in nutrition, cardiovascular comorbidity, and dialysis adequacy. Patients submitted to increased hemodialysis time or to the implementation of a night or daily hemodialysis program have shown better blood pressure control, cardiovascular stability, tolerability and perhaps reduced mortality. Modifications of dialysis schedules clearly indicate another road to future improvements in renal replacement therapy. In the field of kidney transplantation, much improvement has already been achieved regarding the prevention of acute rejection, and the new therapeutic strategies are aimed at reducing the incidence of the adverse reactions of immunosuppressive drugs, as well as of the chronic allograft nephropathy. Induction of transplantation tolerance remains the most attractive target, which now seems closer than before because many of the mechanisms involved in the tolerance induction have been better elucidated.
 ...
PMID:[Perspectives on treatment of the renal failure]. 1725 35

Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type II diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing in frequency among Western populations and both are potent risk factors for the development of anaemia. The presence of CKD and diabetes together represent the most important aetiopathogenic combination for the development of anaemia. New evidence has highlighted some of the underlying mechanisms which make diabetic patients more susceptible to dyserythropoiesis, particularly once they have developed concomitant CKD. In addition, recent publications from large-scale epidemiological studies have highlighted the impact of anaemia on diabetic patients. The purpose of this review was to focus on the pathophysiology and impact of anaemia in DM.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes, kidney disease and anaemia: time to tackle a troublesome triad? 1726 15

Peripheral edema, mild weight gain, and anemia are often observed in type II diabetic patients treated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Small decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) appear to be a class effect of TZDs and are generally attributed to fluid retention, although experimental data are lacking. We analyzed 50 patients with type II diabetes mellitus undergoing either placebo or pioglitazone (PIO, 45 mg/day) for 16 weeks. Before and after therapy, we measured Hb/Hct and used (3)H(2)O and bioimpedance to quantitate total body water (TBW), extracellular water, and fat-free mass. The majority (89%) of the increment in body weight was accounted for by increased body fat. Hb and Hct fell significantly in the PIO group (-0.9+/-0.2 g/dl, -2.4+/-0.5%, both P<0.0001), without change in TBW. A decline in white blood cell (-0.8+/-0.1 x 10(3)/mm(3), P<0.0001) and platelet (-15+/-6 x 10(3)/mm(3), P<0.02) counts was seen after PIO. In conclusion, the small decreases in Hb/Hct observed after 16 weeks of PIO treatment cannot be explained by an increase in TBW. Other causes, such a mild marrow suppressive effect, should be explored.
 ...
PMID:Reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin following pioglitazone treatment is not hemodilutional in Type II diabetes mellitus. 1736 Nov 26

Since the beginning of the eighties, the prevalence and incidence of diabetes have been increasing in dialysis units. In France, type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90% of diabetic hemodialysis patients. Among the etiologies of renal failure, diabetes is characterized by increased hospitalization rates and reduced quality of life, transplantation rates and survival. In dialysis patients, diabetes mellitus enhances the main factors leading to an increase in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular deaths: inflammation, dyslipidemia, hypertension, increased energy expenditure, oxidative stress and plasma assymetrical dimethylarginine. The prevention of these complications includes the control of blood glucose, plasma lipids, hypertension, and anemia. The role of antioxidant therapies remains to be evaluated.
 ...
PMID:[Diabetic patients survival rates in dialysis]. 1737 46

The purpose of the study was to define factors influencing the diastolic left ventricular (LV) function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Ninety-seven I to IV functional class CHF patients aged 65 to 88 (mean age 76.6+/-5.1 yr), 61 women and 36 men, were examined. CHF was caused by coronary artery disease in 22 (22.7%) patients, by arterial hypertension in 14 (14.4%) patients, and by both in 61 (62.9%) patients. Fourteen (14.4%) patients had type 2 diabetes. Hemoglobin level lower than 130g/l in men or 120g/l in women was considered anemia. Glomerular filtration speed (GFS) was calculated using Cockcroft-Gault formula. EchoCG and Doppler EchoCG were performed in all patients. LV hypertrophy (LVH) was revealed in 90 (92%) of the patients; 52patients had concentric L VH and 38 patients had eccentric LVH. Ejection fraction was less than 45% in 17 (17.5%) patients. Isovolemic relaxation time (IVRT) was over the normal limit in 73 (75.3%) patients; the time of early diastolic flow slowing (DT) changed in different directions and was 211.2+/-55.6 msec. A type of transmitral blood flow with relaxation disorder was found in 58 (59.8%) patients, a pseudonormal type was revealed in 32 (33%), and a restrictive type was found in 7 (7.2%) of patients. The study found a reverse independent correlation between hemoglobin level and the speed of LV filling during atrial systole. An independent correlation between the degree of renal dysfunction (GFS) and disorder of LV relaxation was found: the lower GFS, the longer IVRT and DT. Thus, in addition to age and structural changes in the heart, factors that have adverse effects on diastolic filling parameters are anemia, lowered renal function, and the level of systolic and diastolic pressure.
 ...
PMID:[Factors influencing left ventricular diastolic function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure]. 1752 Aug 84

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can decrease hemoglobin, causing anemia and this may be an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression. We studied the relationship between a decline in hemoglobin and outcome in 1513 patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease by a post hoc analysis of the RENAAL Study (Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan) with an average follow-up of 3.4 years. The relationship between baseline and year-1 hemoglobin and treatment on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and ESRD or death was evaluated using multivariate Cox models (covariates: baseline hemoglobin, proteinuria, serum albumin, serum creatinine, and year-1 hemoglobin). Compared with placebo, losartan treatment was associated with a significant decrease of hemoglobin, with the largest between-group difference at 1 year. After adjustment, there were significant relative risk reductions for losartan compared with placebo for ESRD and for ESRD or death regardless of the baseline hemoglobin even in those patients with a baseline hemoglobin below 120 g l(-1). Hence, the renoprotective properties of losartan were maintained despite a significant lowering of the hemoglobin concentration.
 ...
PMID:The effect of losartan on hemoglobin concentration and renal outcome in diabetic nephropathy of type 2 diabetes. 1809 75


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>