Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary (CPU) and plasma C peptide values at baseline (CP0) and under stimulation with glucagon were determined in healthy subjects (n = 17) and in insulin-dependent (IDD, n = 45) and non insulin-dependent (NIDD, n = 32) diabetics. A significant difference in the parameters of insulin secretion (x? SD) was found on the one hand between the IDD group (CPU = 5.58 +/- 5.58 nmol/24 h; CP = 0.14 +/- 0.08 nmol/l; maximum C peptide value after stimulation (CPmax) = 0.33 +/- 0.31 nmol/l; C peptide delta (delta CP) = 0.14 +/- 0.14 nmol/l; area under the curve (A) = 5.00 +/- 4.84) and the NIDD group (CPU = 15.47 +/- 8.22 nmol/24 h; CP = 0.64 +/- 0.28 nmol/l; CPmax = 1.14 +/- 0.44 nmol/l; delta CP = 0.50 +/- 0.31 nmol/l; A = 17.5 +/- 5.86) and on the other hand between the IDD group and the control group (CPU = 18.20 +/- 8.40 nmol/24 h; CP = 0.41 +/- 0.11 nmol/l; CPmax = 1.00 +/- 0.31 nmol/l; delta CP = 0.69 +/- 0.20 nmol/l; A = 17.10 +/- 4.45). As regards the NIDD group, only the fasting C peptide and delta C peptide values were significantly different from those found in the control group. The significance of each parameter of insulin secretion was also studied. There was a correlation between the values of C peptidaemia before and after stimulation with glucagon. However, the correlation between plasma C peptide and urinary C peptide values was mediocre, probably because of the numerous variability factors which intervene in the urinary excretion of C peptide.
 ...
PMID:[C-peptide assays of the urine and plasma at baseline and under stimulation with glucagon in healthy subjects and diabetics]. 214 Jan 81

The education of diabetics often affects the patient's life-style and habits, and the beliefs of his socio-professional and socio-cultural environment. The patient's knowledge is often satisfactory, while his behavior is inadequate. In this study, a sociologist conducted a semi-structured interview for 40 non-obese diabetic patients: 35 IDD and 5 NIDD, who had a knowledge/behavior gap. Emphasis was placed on the study of their subjective etiological beliefs. Four categories beliefs were found: stress, heredity, food and drink transgression, and fatality. Stress, which can lead to deresponsabilization, was the most frequently mentioned etiology (24 patients). Europeans cited several etiological beliefs. North-Africans, in contrast, cited only one, either stress or fatality, but never heredity or food and drink transgression, probably because genetics and genealogy are not superimposable realities and because of their belief in the symbolic benefits of sugar. In conclusion, the patient's etiological beliefs may contribute to the knowledge/behavior gap. Correct information about a more rational etiology for diabetes could improve patient compliance.
 ...
PMID:[Beliefs in diabetics about the etiology of their disease. Influence of ethnicity]. 221 15

It is well known that growth hormone (GE) secretion and regulation in diabetics are abnormal. In order to evaluate the response of GH to nonphysiological stimuli in diabetics, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test (500 micrograms by IV bolus injection) was carried out in 12 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD, 6 males and 6 females). 11 noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD, 5 males and 6 females), and 10 normal controls (6 males and 4 females). The results showed that the basal serum GH levels in diabetics were higher than that in normal controls and it was even higher in IDD than in NIDD. Following the TRH stimulus, the mean peak level of GH in IDD was the highest among the three groups, the differences being statistically significant (F = 9.323, P less than 0.01). It was concluded that a nonspecific response to TRH of GH did occur in IDD, and the peak values were even higher in female than in male subjects. A negative correlation existed between the GH peak values and the age of the patients as well as in the controls. This supported the view that GH responsiveness to TRH has a tendency of progressive decline with age. However, no significant correlation was found between the peak value of GH and the blood glucose level or the microangiopathic complications. The mechanism of TRH stimulation on GH release in diabetics is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Non-specific response of serum growth hormone to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in diabetics. 250 51

The majority of zinc, copper and magnesium is either intracellular or associated with the bones. It is therefore unlikely that the plasma concentration of these trace elements will reflect their whole body content. Blood cells might be more representative of lean tissue and are also easy to obtain. The concentration of zinc, copper and magnesium was measured in the leukocytes and hemoglobin of 42 subjects with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in 22 subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and was compared with that of 44 age-matched healthy volunteers. Zinc was found to be deficient in the serum (p less than 0.001), leukocyte (p less than 0.001) and hemoglobin (p less than 0.05) of the IDDM subjects, while copper and magnesium were increased in the serum, leukocytes and hemoglobin of the IDDM subjects (p less than 0.001). There was no zinc deficiency in the leukocytes of NIDD subjects. These results are opposite to the findings on zinc concentration in various tissue of animal models for IDDM and NIDDM and with our present knowledge on zinc status in IDDM and NIDDM subjects. Thus, we conclude that the concentration of zinc in blood cells of diabetic subjects might not reflect its concentration in various tissues.
 ...
PMID:Trace elements in blood cells of diabetic subjects. 275 38

Physical properties of food may account for differences in glycemic and other metabolic responses to food with similar amounts of carbohydrate, fat and protein. Blending of cooked beans made no difference to plasma glucose, insulin, or GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide) responses in nondiabetics, NIDD (noninsulin-dependent diabetics), and IDD (insulin-dependent diabetics). The cooked blended beans gave a greater plasma glucose response and a lesser hormonal response than a cooked flummery (containing cornstarch, protein and fat) in nondiabetics. In NIDD and IDD, however, the reverse applied for plasma glucose. In nondiabetics, cooked flummery gave a lesser glycemic response at some time points than uncooked flummery. In NIDD the opposite occurred. Cooking led to no significant change in insulin response in nondiabetics, but to a lesser insulin response in NIDD. The effect of some physical properties of food on diabetic control cannot be inferred from findings in nondiabetics.
 ...
PMID:Food physical factors have different metabolic effects in nondiabetics and diabetics. 299 52

In the present study bone mineral content (BMC) was measured at 1/3 and 1/10 the length of the radius from the distal end in 100 adult diabetic subjects (55 females, 45 males, 54 insulin-dependent [IDD], 46 non-insulin-dependent [NIDD]), using single photon absorptiometry. Each individual BMC value in the diabetics was first compared to normal BMC values for age obtained in our laboratory from 500 non-diabetic subjects. BMC in the diabetics was within the normal range (M +/- 2 SD) with respect to sex and age. Data from IDD and NIDD males, under and over 50 years of age, and of IDD and NIDD females, pre- and postmenopausal, were compared with the respective control group data after matching each diabetic subject to a non-diabetic one of identical age and menstrual history and of comparable body mass index. In each group BMC in the diabetic subjects was found not to be statistically different from BMC in the control ones. Correlation analysis was carried out between BMC and endocrine or metabolic parameters obtained in 52 of the diabetic patients. BMC in diabetic subjects was not correlated with plasma levels of hormones (thyroid hormones, cortisol, 17-beta-estradiol, testosterone), Ca, P or alkaline phosphatase activity. It was inversely correlated with urinary Ca and P in NIDD women and with urinary Ca in NIDD men. No relationship was found between BMC and the metabolic control of diabetes (evaluated by basal glycemia, 2h-post-prandial glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin).
 ...
PMID:Bone mineral density in diabetes mellitus. 325 88

The effect of highly purified natural porcine GIP on C-peptide release was examined in six type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics (IDD) with residual beta-cell function, six type II non-insulin-dependent) diabetics (NIDD), and six normal subjects. All subjects were normal weight. From -120 minutes to 180 minutes glucose or insulin was infused IV to achieve a constant plasma glucose level of 8 mmol/L. On two separate days GIP (2 pmol/kg/min) or isotonic NaCl at random were infused from 0 to 30 minutes. After 10 minutes of GIP infusion plasma IR-GIP concentrations were in the physiologic postprandial range. At 30 minutes a further increase in IR-GIP to supraphysiologic levels occurred. In all subjects plasma, C-peptide increased more after 10 minutes of GIP infusion (IDD, 0.48 +/- 0.05; NIDD, 0.79 +/- 0.11; normal subjects, 2.27 +/- 0.29 nmol/L) than on the corresponding day with NaCl infusion (IDD, 0.35 +/- 0.03; NIDD, 0.62 +/- 0.08; normal subjects, 1.22 +/- 0.13 nmol/L, P less than .05 for all). The responses of the diabetics were significantly lower than that of the normal subjects (P less than .001 for both groups). No further increase in C-peptide occurred during the remaining 20 minutes of the GIP infusion in the diabetic subjects (IDD, 0.49 +/- 0.05; NIDD, 0.83 +/- 0.10 nmol/L). In the presence of a plasma glucose concentration of 8 mmol/L, physiologic concentrations of porcine GIP caused an immediate but impaired beta-cell response in IDD and NIDD patients.
 ...
PMID:Effect of porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide on beta-cell function in type I and type II diabetes mellitus. 329 36

In order to better understand the role of A- and B-cell function in diabetic pregnancy, we studied four groups of pregnant women at week 34-36 of gestation. Seventeen were healthy controls (C), 24 had gestational diabetes (GD), 16 had type 2 diabetes (NIDD) and 37 had type 1 diabetes (IDD). At times -20, 0, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min from the beginning of a 30 min infusion of 30 g of arginine intravenously, plasma glucose, glucagon (IRG) and C-peptide (CPR) were measured. Plasma glucose was higher in diabetic than in control subjects. IRG values were also higher in the GD and the NIDD women. CPR values were similar to, or slightly higher than control values in the GD and the NIDD and were much lower in the IDD women. All three variables increased during the arginine infusion in all groups, with the exception that CPR remained unchanged in the IDD. The CPR/IRG molar ratio was similar in control, GD and NIDD women; in the IDD, it was much smaller than in the other groups and was not affected by arginine. In all the diabetic patients, IRG was negatively correlated with the maternal weight gain and in the IDD IRG was positively correlated with the increase in the insulin need and with the CPR levels. In conclusion diabetes appeared to enhance the A-cell function also in pregnancy, possibly impairing the 'facilitated anabolism' and stressing the 'accelerated starvation' which are typical of normal pregnancy. Glucagon was confirmed as one possible determinant of the insulin resistance seen in diabetic pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Endocrine pancreatic function in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant women. 353 67

Urinary albumin, measured by radioimmunoassay, was evaluated as a method to assess early renal impairment in 76 insulin (IDD) and 36 noninsulin (NIDD)-dependent diabetic patients. Mean albumin excretion in IDD and NIDD patients was significantly higher at 23 and 12 micrograms/100 ml glomerular filtrate (GF) respectively, compared to 4 micrograms/100 ml GF in normal subjects (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05). Abnormal albumin excretion from 20 to 200 micrograms/100 ml GF was observed in 30% of IDD patients (P less than 0.001) and 15% of NIDD patients (P less than 0.03). Albumin excretion was significantly increased in hypertensive IDD and NIDD patients. Significant correlations between albumin excretion and age, duration of diabetes and creatinine clearance were observed, but albumin excretion did not correlate with hemoglobin A1C. These data indicate that (1) 30% of IDD patients not clinically recognized as having renal impairment have abnormal albumin excretion, (2) albumin excretion may reflect renal impairment, since albumin excretion levels independently correlate with duration of diabetes and hypertension in both diabetic subgroups and to glomerular function in NIDD patients, and (3) measurement of urinary albumin by radioimmunoassay may be the most sensitive test to evaluate early renal disease in diabetes.
 ...
PMID:The interrelationships of radioimmunoassayable urinary albumin, renal function and diabetes. 372 Apr 98

In order to detect evidence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy, 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was carried out on fifty-one diabetic patients (thirty-one IDD, twenty NIDD) and twenty-two healthy controls taking no treatment which could alter the heart rate. In the diabetic patients the minimum 24-hour heart-rate and the mean sleeping heart rate were significantly higher, and the maximum 24-hour heart rate and the ratio [(maximum-minimum heart rates)/minimum heart rate] were significantly lower. Evidence in one diabetic of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was found only as the difference (maximum-minimum heart rates). This index was found to be below 38/min (mean-2 SD of the controls) in seven diabetics, but only one of the nine diabetics with signs of autonomic neuropathy had this abnormal index. The mean values for the minimum and the mean sleeping heart rates were high in the IDD with or without signs of peripheral neuropathy and without signs of autonomic neuropathy but were not high in IDD with signs of autonomic neuropathy. These findings suggest the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetics. However, the possibility of insulin-induced tachycardia should be considered this tachycardia is probably related to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which would explain the absence of abnormalities in IDD with autonomic neuropathy.
 ...
PMID:[Abnormalities of 24 hour (Holter) ECG monitoring in diabetics: involvement of cardiac autonomic neuropathy and/or insulin therapy]. 391 Apr 87


1 2 3 Next >>