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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A better knowledge of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (IDDM) may open the road to the prevention of the diseases. Primary prevention is meant to identify susceptible subjects, either soon after birth or before the immunological aggression of beta cells. The practical approach in this respect is very difficult because multiple obstacles must be overcome. Secondary prevention involves subjects who already show immunological or metabolic alterations, as the presence of ICA, antiinsulin antibodies, GAD antibodies and a defect of the first phase of insulin secretion. Most authors attach great interest to trials with insulin and nicotinamide. Insulin seems to reduce antigen expression when beta cells are damaged. Nicotinamide exerts a protection toward diabetes in animals, and, as scavanger of free radicals, facilitates beta cell regeneration. Research is going on, all over the world, and special multicenter trials are in progress both in the USA and Europe.
Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 1994
PMID:[Prevention of juvenile diabetes (type 1): reality or fiction?]. 856 82

Predictive medicine is based on the early recognition of a pathologic process before the onset of clinical manifestations, followed by preventive therapy. Prediction can be achieved by identifying disease predisposing genes. However, this approach is usually insufficient because most often the disease is polygenic and the penetrance of genetic factors is incomplete, which reduces the reliability of the prediction. It is very useful when it is possible to complement this prediction by the study of biological markers allowing the detection of the triggering of the pathogenic process, before it has induced significant lesions or functional disturbances at the origin of clinical manifestations. Predictive medicine is only justified when it may lead to preventive therapy as in the exemplary case of juvenile glaucoma. The case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is also interesting, even if preventive therapy is not yet routinely available.
Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 1996
PMID:[Predictive medicine]. 896 55

This paper reviews all presently available data on iodine nutrition in Belgium. All age groups have an iodine intake below the recommendations by WHO. The main consequences are subclinical hypothyroidism with goiter during pregnancy and a risk of transient hypothyroidism resulting in minor brain damage in the neonate. Moreover the cost of therapy of IDD in Belgium is about one billion BEF of which some 75% could be avoided by well controlled and monitored iodine prophylaxis in the country. Such a program should be implemented.
Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 1998
PMID:[Iodine intake in the Belgian population is insufficient]. 1023 Jan 6

Diabetes mellitus is a frequent disorder affecting individuals of all ages. In children, adolescents and young adults, but also sometimes in older people, Type 1 diabetes is the consequence of insulin deficiency, resulting from an autoimmune process destroying the insulin producing cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. In the adults and older persons (but sometimes also in young individuals), Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes) occurs in genetically predisposed individuals and is favoured by weight excess and sedentarity. This form of diabetes is undiagnosed in about 50% of those affected. This concise review surveys the history of diabetes, the current situation and the expected changes in terms of epidemiology, prevention and treatment. The role of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) whose headquarters are located in Brussels, is briefly described, particularly in the scope of its fight against a disease currently affecting 180 millions people worldwide, a figure likely to reach 325 millions at the 2025 horizon.
Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 2002
PMID:[Diabetes yesterday, today and tomorrow. Work of the International Federation of Diabetes]. 1285 85

Thymus exerts a prominent role in the establishment os central T-cell tolerance, as well as in the development of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T lymphocytes. Like others autoimmune diseases, type 1 diabetes emergence implies central or peripheric self tolerance breakdown. Environmental factors, especially enterovirus infections, are supposed to be involved in diabetes pathophysiology. Epidemiological studies have highlighted a frequent association between enterovirus Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) and type 1 diabetes. The aim of our work was to study whether a thymus infection by CVB4 could induce modifications of thymic function. In primary cultures of thymic epithelial cells (TEC), we detected viral proteins, positive- and negative- strand RNA, and infectious virus in the supernatants, meaning that TEC cultures were susceptible to CVB4 infection and that CVB4 induced a persistent infection in those cells. CVB4 also modulated TEC proliferation and cytokine, such as IL-6, GM-CSF and LIF secretions. Studies using fetal organ thymus culture (FTOC) showed that CVB4 induced a marked and progressive thymocytes depletion, in particular double positive (DP) and CD4+ cells. CVB4 replicated in those subpopulations, indeed positive- and negative-atrand RNA were detected. CVB4 also upregulated MHC class I expression on DP thymocytes. The upregulation of MHC expression required viral infection in DP cells. IL-6 and GM-CSF secretions were also involved in this phenomenom, but IFN-alpha was shown not to be involved. Taken together, our results showed the susceptibility of the human thymus to CVB4 infection, and an important thymic dysfuntion due to this infection. Our work is a novel approach in the understanding of the mechanisms of CVB4-induced type 1 diabetes.
Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 2003
PMID:[Demonstration and immunologic effect of an infection of the human thymus by the diabetogenic human Coxsackievirus B4]. 1502 68

Type I diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent DM = IDDM) is a chronic disease characterized by specific destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin. Immune mechanisms, genetic susceptibility, and environmental factors are all implicated in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. This study was aimed at determining the efficiency of cytokines, natural killer (NK) cells in the pathophysiology of IDDM. Therefore, we evaluated the plasma levels of cytokines by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the cytotoxicity activity of NK cells by anti-candididal index in rats with type I diabetes. We found that the cytotoxicity activity of NK cells in IDDM groups significantly decreased compared to the control groups. The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in IDDM groups were slightly higher than in healthy controls. These results indicate that the changes of T H1 type cytokines such as IFN-gamma and NK cell activity can play a role in the etiology of IDDM. The data may provide new strategies for the treatment of IDDM.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005 Dec
PMID:Evaluation of the natural killer cytotoxicity and the levels of cytokines in rats with type I diabetes mellitus. 1644 20