Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The VLDL and LDL fractions were isolated from 29 patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of admission to the hospital to restore glycemic control and again at discharge. These lipoprotein fractions were incubated with human monocyte-derived macrophages, and the rates of macrophage CE synthesis were determined. The rates of CE synthesis in human macrophages were significantly greater (P less than 0.005) when incubated with VLDL isolated from type I diabetic patients before compared with after glycemic control was attained and averaged 1.84 +/- 0.52 and 1.09 +/- 0.27 nmol (1.20 +/- 0.34 and 0.71 +/- 0.18 micrograms) [14C]cholesteryl oleate synthesized.mg cell protein-1 x 20 h-1, respectively. In contrast, when LDL isolated from the same patient during the same period was incubated with human macrophages, the rates of cellular cholesteryl ester synthesis did not differ significantly and averaged 4.23 +/- 1.26 and 3.91 +/- 0.96 nmol (2.75 +/- 0.82 and 2.55 +/- 0.63 micrograms) [14C]cholesteryl oleate synthesized.mg-1 cell protein.20 h-1, respectively. There was a significant increase in the total cholesterol content of VLDL isolated before glycemic control compared with that isolated after glycemic control was attained (P less than 0.05) resulting from a significant increase in the FC and CE (P less than 0.05) contents of these VLDL particles. There was a significant decrease in the ratio of FC to PL in VLDL, but not LDL, isolated after glycemic control (P less than 0.05). The percentage of apoE in VLDL was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) after glycemic control was attained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of glycemic control on interaction of very-low- and low-density lipoproteins isolated from type I diabetic patients with human monocyte-derived macrophages. 139 4

In people with diabetes, the concentration of an individual lipoprotein or apolipoprotein can be highly variable and is totally different in the two major forms of the disease. Alterations in the concentrations of major lipids and lipoproteins are well characterized in both IDDM and NIDDM. In general, the lipoprotein pattern is antiatherogenic in individuals with IDDM who are treated and have optimal glycemic control. In contrast, NIDDM is associated with atherogenic changes of serum lipids and lipoproteins regardless of the mode of treatment. In people with both types of diabetes, the distribution of apoE phenotype seems to be similar to that in nondiabetic populations. IDDM patients with microalbuminuria show atherogenic changes of lipoproteins and have elevated levels of Lp(a), which is a risk factor of coronary artery disease. Whether glycemic control influences the concentration of Lp(a) is still an open question. An important issue is that the concentration of a lipoprotein can be normal without excluding compositional abnormalities that are potentially atherogenic. Such alterations are present in people with both IDDM and NIDDM. Consequently, it has been questioned whether the target values to start treatment should be lower in diabetic than in nondiabetic populations.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative lipoprotein abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. 152 30

Many lipoprotein abnormalities are seen in the untreated, hyperglycemic diabetic patient. The non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patient with mild fasting hyperglycemia commonly has mild hypertriglyceridemia due to overproduction of TG-rich lipoproteins in the liver, associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. The more hyperglycemic untreated NIDDM and insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patient have mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia due to decreased adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase, (LPL) activity. These patients also have decreased HDL cholesterol levels associated with defective LPL catabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins. Treatment of diabetes with oral sulfonylureas or insulin corrects most of the hypertriglyceridemia and some of the decrease in HDL cholesterol. The abnormality in adipose tissue LPL activity corrects slowly over several months of therapy. The treated IDDM patient often has normal lipoprotein levels. The treated NIDDM patient may continue to have mild hypertriglyceridemia, increased intermediate-density lipoprotein levels, small dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with increased apoprotein B, and decreased HDL cholesterol levels. The central, abdominal distribution of adipose tissue in IDDM is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and the above lipoprotein abnormalities. Improvement in glucose control, in the absence of weight gain, leads to lower triglyceride and higher HDL cholesterol levels. In addition, the diabetic patient is prone to develop other defects that, in themselves, lead to hyperlipidemia, such as proteinuria, hypothyroidism, and hypertension, treated with thiazide diuretics and beta-adrenergic-blocking agents. When a diabetic patient independently inherits a common familial form of hypertriglyceridemia, he might develop the severe hypertriglyceridemia of the chylomicronemia syndrome.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus. 171 Jul 39

Patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) often suffer from cardiovascular diseases as renal failure occurs. Elevated albumin excretion rate (AER) is a predictive value of this event. Relations between AER, blood pressure, serum lipids and apoproteins concentrations in 100 patients with IDDM have been surveyed. Twenty one hypertensive patients (HT group) were compared to 21 patients without hypertension (n HT group), matched for sex, age, diabetes duration, and metabolic control, assessed by glycosylated haemoglobin. Comparison of both groups showed HT group had elevated systolic blood pressure (137 +/- 12 vs 126 +/- 20 mmHg; p less than .05), elevated diastolic blood pressure (80 +/- 7 vs 71 +/- 8 mmHg; p less than .001), increase in AER (27 range 3-4023 vs 6 range 2-51 mg/day; p less than .001), slightly elevated serum creatinine (95 +/- 32 vs 78 +/- 15 mumol/l; p less than .05). In HT group, serum lipid composition showed: raise in total cholesterol (251 +/- 43 vs 221 +/- 41 mg/dl; p less than 0.5), elevated apoprotein B (130 +/- 30 vs 99 +/- 21 mg/dl; p less than .001) elevated apoprotein B/apoprotein A1 ratio (.91 +/- .32 vs .66 +/- .27; p less than .001), elevated triglycerides (157 +/- 53 vs 98 +/- 43 mg/dl; p less than .005) and elevated LDL-cholesterol (170 +/- 42 vs 143 +/- 33 mg/dl; p less than .05). Levels of apoprotein A1 and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly different. Body mass index, daily insulin requirement and tobacco usage were similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Urinary excretion of albumin and lipid abnormalities in hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetics]. 212 64

The levels of plasmatic lipids and the lipo and apoprotein composition of lipoprotein of high density were analysed in 18 patients, diagnosed as having non-insulin dependent diabetes, and compared to a control group of 18 healthy patients. 10 patients showed a moderate hypertriglyceridemia, this sub-group having the main HDL alteration. In this lipoprotein fraction an increase of triglycerides was observed, and a decrease in cholesterol and apoprotein III, probably as result of a lower activity of lipoprotein lipase in plasma.
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PMID:[Modifications in the composition of plasma HDLs in non-insulin-dependent diabetics]. 249 52

Patients with diabetes mellitus often exhibit abnormalities in plasma lipoprotein concentrations. We have examined the effect of glycemic control (as assessed by hemoglobin A1 levels) on the concentrations of plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins in 109 patients with type I diabetes mellitus. HbA1 levels showed positive correlations with plasma LDL-cholesterol levels (r = 0.31; P less than 0.002) and triglyceride levels (r = 0.41; P less than 0.002), but not with HDL-cholesterol levels. The strongest correlation was between HbA1 and plasma levels of apoprotein B (r = 0.57; P less than 0.001). We have also examined the effect of long-term improvement in glycemic control (achieved with insulin infusion pump therapy) on plasma lipoproteins in six patients with type I diabetes. Patients were followed for 5 to 12 months, with mean (+/- SD) HbA1c levels decreasing from 11.4 +/- 2.5 to 9.1 +/- 1.8. Most, but not all, patients showed reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels and increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, but these did not reach statistical significance. Only the decrease in plasma apo B levels was statistically significant (from 112 +/- 38 mg/dL before pump therapy to 91 +/- 33 mg/dL at the end of the follow-up, P less than 0.05). We conclude that glycemic control plays an important role in regulating the levels of plasma LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with type I diabetes. Apoprotein B is a particularly sensitive indicator to alterations in glycemic control. It is possible that tight glycemic control may have "antiatherogenic" effects through reduction of apo B levels.
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PMID:Plasma levels of apoprotein B in patients with diabetes mellitus: the effect of glycemic control. 387 41

Serum concentration of apoprotein A, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids has been studied in thirteen consecutive episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis. In three patients with type I diabetes mellitus HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions were also measured. Patients with type I diabetes showed greatly decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration on admission which increased into the normal range after insulin treatment, while HDL-phospholipids decreased during treatment and apoprotein A remained almost unmodified. In three patients with type I diabetes a virtual absence of HDL2-cholesterol subfraction was observed, which rose to normal values during recovery. Conversely, in type II diabetes mellitus HDL-cholesterol was slightly reduced on admission, and tended to decrease during recovery. These findings imply the existence of abnormalities in the qualitative composition of HDL, and indicate that HDL-cholesterol can fluctuate much more rapidly than previously thought.
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PMID:High density lipoprotein changes during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. 392 72

Diabetic patients have a 2 to 4 times higher risk of development of atherosclerosis than non-diabetic subjects. One of the risk factors of atherosclerosis is an impaired lipid and lipoprotein metabolism which is influenced by the type of diabetes, the degree of its metabolic compensation, character of treatment and other concurrently present metabolic abnormalities. In metabolically balanced type 1 diabetes the levels of commonly assessed lipoproteins do not differ from those in non-diabetic subjects, the HDL-cholesterol level can be even higher. The lipid profile of type 2 diabetics is not very homogeneous, however, usually elevated levels of VLDL-triglycerides and of apoprotein B and a reduced HDL-cholesterol level are found. At present there are no unequivocal views on the role of the lipoprotein (a) ratio in the increased risk of atherosclerosis in diabetics as investigations devoted to the lipoprotein (a) level and its relation to macrovascular complications in diabetes did not give unequivocal results. The scope of dyslipidemia in diabetics with nephropathy is in addition to the effect of the basic disease influenced also by the extent of renal damage. The lipid disorder, on the other hand, leads to deterioration of albuminuria and progression of the renal disease.
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PMID:[Changes in lipoprotein metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus and the effect on lipid profile in diabetics]. 818 88

A reduction in total plasma cholesterol concentration has been reported in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) pregnant women in early gestation. To determine if this reduction extends throughout gestation and which lipoprotein fractions may be responsible, we measured plasma triglyceride, cholesterol (C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL2 and HDL3-C subfractions between 6 and 36 weeks' gestation in normal and IDDM women. Total plasma C was significantly lower in IDDM pregnant subjects between 20 and 36 weeks' gestation as compared to nondiabetic controls, while plasma triglyceride concentrations were not significantly different in this interval. Very low and low density lipoprotein (VLDL, LDL) C concentrations were not statistically significantly different from controls at any of the times studied, while HDL-C was lower throughout diabetic pregnancy as compared to controls, significantly so between 20 and 36 weeks' gestation. The lower HDL-C in IDDM women was associated with a significantly lower HDL3-C level. Plasma apoprotein A-I and A-II concentrations, markers of the HDL2 and HDL3 subclasses, respectively, were measured to corroborate the HDL subfraction changes. Apo A-I and A-II increased significantly between 12 and 28 weeks' gestation in control but not in diabetic pregnant subjects, consistent with a higher HDL3 in normal than in diabetic pregnant subjects. It appears that plasma triglyceride, VLDL and LDL-C, and HDL2-C concentrations are similar in IDDM and normal pregnancy, while total-C, HDL-C and HDL3-C and its associated apoproteins are lower than in normal subjects in late gestation. The mechanism of these changes and their significance for fetal growth and development deserve further study.
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PMID:Effect of insulin-dependent diabetes on plasma lipoproteins in diabetic pregnancy. 825 93

To assess the relationship between apolipoprotein H (apo H) plasma levels and lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus, we have examined the correlation between apo H plasma concentration and the main plasma lipid levels in 127 non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) and 118 insulin-dependent (IDDM) diabetes mellitus patients. The data are compared with those in 286 nondiabetics. Our data show a significant increase in plasma apo H in diabetic as opposed to nondiabetic subjects (NIDDM, 29.9 +/- 10.8 mg/dL; IDDM, 31.3 +/- 9.9; controls, 22.5 +/- 7.7; F = 53.3, P = .0001). The relation between plasma lipids and apo H was simultaneously evaluated in the three groups with inclusion of diabetes, sex, body mass index (BMI), and age as covariates in the model. This analysis showed a strong positive correlation (P = .0009) between apo H and total cholesterol, and a weaker positive correlation with triglycerides ([TGs] P = .016). The correlation between apo H and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in diabetics (P = .03) highlights the importance of glycemic control for plasma levels of this apoprotein, which is highly glycated. Although the role of apo H in lipid metabolism is still uncertain, recent investigations on the possible relation between plasma apo H levels and increased plasma lipids and thrombotic risk could explain the increased atherosclerotic risk in diabetic patients.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein H levels in diabetic subjects: correlation with cholesterol levels. 916 Aug 18


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