Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has now become clear that certain HLA antigens are associated with disease susceptibility more than any other genetic markers. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or type I) is an HLA-associated condition. Moreover, there is evidence to show that IDDM is a genetically programmed autoimmune disease. Studies of the HLA-DR region have shown a strong association with IDDM, with over 90 per cent of IDDM patients possessing DR3 and/or DR4. Although the HLA-DR region is a major component in the inherited disease susceptibility, it is not the only gene region involved. Recent studies demonstrated that HLA-DQ may be more closely linked to the disease locus than HLA-DR. Sequence analysis of the HLA-DQ3 gene products suggest that a single amino acid (aspartic acid) at position 57 is uniquely important for determining susceptibility or resistance to IDDM. Although there is a strong association of certain HLA loci with IDDM, it may not explain nor account for all the genetic susceptibility to the disease. It seems that 60 per cent of the genetic basis of IDDM is related to the HLA gene (chromosome 6) and another 40 per cent is non-HLA-associated (i.e., chromosomes 2, 7, 11, and 14). Even though great progress has been made in the understanding of the genetics of IDDM, the mode of inheritance of the disease remains controversial. The present review discusses various aspects of the autoimmune process believed to be involved in pancreatic beta cell destruction in individuals genetically susceptible to IDDM. The possible modes of inheritance and new data regarding estimated risks of transmitting the disease are presented.
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PMID:Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and immunogenetics: maternal and fetal considerations. 205 68

We have studied HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ antigen frequencies in 63 Type 1 diabetic Arab patients resident in Kuwait. Both HLA-DR3 (relative risk (RR) = 5.80) and -DR4 (RR = 2.87) showed positive associations with Type I diabetes mellitus in these patients whilst -DR2 (RR 0.16) and -DR5 (RR = 0.15) were negatively associated. The strong positive association with both HLA-DR3 and -DR4 was confirmed in Non-Gulf Arabs (RR = 12.55 and 4.29, respectively) whereas the Gulf Arabs had a significant positive association with HLA-DR3 (RR = 4.41) only. The disease was negatively associated with HLA-DR2 (RR = 0.05) in Gulf Arab patients only and with HLA-DR5 (RR = 0.10) in Non-Gulf Arabs only. HLA-DRw52 and -DRw53 were increased in Non-Gulf Arabs only (RR = 3.14 and 4.63, respectively). In both groups there was strong association with HLA-DQ3 (Gulf, RR = 28.11; Non-Gulf, RR = 6.25). Amongst HLA-A, -B, and -C loci, there was a positive association with HLA-B8 (RR = 19.06).
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PMID:HLA associations in an Arab type 1 diabetic population. 350 87

Bacterial antigen fragments complexed with class II major histocompatibility molecules (HLA-D) on antigen presenting cells (APCs) stimulate CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, presumably to protect the host. This study examined these responses to antigens of two periodontal pathogens in four groups (n = 15) of age- (young adult) and sex-matched Caucasian subjects with or without type 1 diabetes and moderate to severe periodontitis: Group DP = diabetics with periodontitis; Group DnP = diabetics without periodontitis; Group nDP = nondiabetics with periodontitis; and Group nDnP = nondiabetics without periodontitis. HLA-D phenotypes for each subject were determined by lymphocytotoxicity assays. T lymphocytes purified from peripheral blood were stimulated in cell culture with APC pulsed with various concentrations of tetanus toxoid, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Capnocytophaga sputigena antigens. T lymphocyte reactivity (3H thymidine incorporation) was numerically lower in cultures from diabetics stimulated with unpulsed APC (not significant), and antigen-pulsed cultures showed low proliferation and no significant differences among groups. Stimulation indices in cultures from diabetic patients stimulated with P. gingivalis or C. sputigena, however, were significantly elevated at all antigen concentrations compared to nondiabetic cultures. The occurrence of HLA-DR4 was moderately associated with diabetes (P < 0.05) and highly associated with periodontitis (P < 0.001, log-linear model for categorical variables); and HLA-DR53 and HLA-DQ3 were significantly associated with periodontitis (P < or = 0.02). HLA-DR was crucial to lymphocyte stimulation (anti-HLA-DR blocking experiments), but the low peripheral blood T cell reactivity to antigens of periodontal pathogens could not be linked with HLA-D type or periodontitis susceptibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:HLA-D and T lymphocyte reactivity to specific periodontal pathogens in type 1 diabetic periodontitis. 827 7