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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among the various autoantibody tests applied in research and clinical practice, the determination of thyroid microsomal (TMAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) still retains its strong value in the screening for thyroid autoimmunity. The presence in the serum of TMAb is almost invariably associated with thyroid autoimmune disease or focal thyroiditis. The appearance of TMAb together with elevated serum-TSH in subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis strongly suggests progression to overt hypothyroidism. Pregnant women with positive TMAb and/or TgAb run an increased risk for post-partum painless thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis and subsequent hypothyroidism. After delivery also a relapse of previously unrecognized Graves' thyrotoxicosis may occur. Thyroid antibody determination is not a valuable tool to discriminate autoimmune thyroiditis from thyroid malignancies. TMAb and TgAb determination helps to recognize individuals with thyroid autoimmunity among patients with non-thyroid autoimmune diseases such as Addison's disease and Type I diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:On the clinical importance of thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibody determination. 347 12

The presence or absence of islet cell antibodies and other autoantibodies was determined in 47 African and 34 Indian patients with IDDM and 37 controls. Islet cell antibodies (ICA-IgG) were found in over a third of the patients and in only 2 controls. Complement fixing antibodies (ICA-Cf) were found in 10% of patients, but in none of the controls. Persistence of ICA beyond 3 years was more frequent in Black compared to Indian patients. Parietal cell antibodies were found more often in patients (20%) than controls (5%) as were thyroid microsomal antibodies (11% vs. 0%). None of the patients or controls had adrenal antibodies.
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PMID:Islet cell antibodies and other autoantibodies in South African blacks and indians with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). 351 22

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of anticonvulsants on glucose metabolism in humans. Tissue sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic clamp technique) and liver microsomal enzyme activity (oral antipyrine test) were measured in six subjects with epilepsy plus type 1 diabetes mellitus. They had received anticonvulsant drugs for greater than 8 years. Three groups--type 1 diabetics, persons with epilepsy, and healthy subjects--matched for sex, and weight, served as controls. Glucose disposal rate (M) was faster in subjects on anticonvulsant therapy as compared with the corresponding control group (p less than 0.01) and in nondiabetics as compared with diabetics (p less than 0.001). Antipyrine metabolism was rapid among patients on anticonvulsants and high normal in diabetics. Liver microsomal enzyme activity and glucose metabolism were related among diabetic (r = 0.593) and nondiabetic (r = 0.649) groups, respectively. Anticonvulsants with liver microsomal enzyme-inducing properties appear to enhance insulin sensitivity. These findings may serve to understand the long-term effect of anticonvulsants on glucose metabolism in humans.
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PMID:Effect of long-term anticonvulsant therapy on glucose metabolism in humans. 353 68

In 3737 subjects without clinically thyroid disorders we evaluated the incidence of thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies. These autoantibodies were found in 7% of a normal population, in 9% of patients with various non-autoimmune diseases, and in 11-16% of groups who either had or were at risk for autoimmune diseases: patients with IDDM, vitiligo, alopecia areata, idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, Addison's disease, and first-degree relatives of IDDM patients. Functional thyroid evaluation with TRH test was performed in 197 seropositive subjects and 144 seronegative controls. One-quarter (26%) of the subjects with thyroid autoantibodies showed functional abnormalities on TRH testing, whereas only 2.8% of the 144 seronegative controls showed subclinical hypothyroidism. After an observation period of 12-44 months, 102 persistently seropositive subjects were reassessed and 31% of them showed an impairment in TRH test response.
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PMID:Thyroid autoantibodies: a good marker for the study of symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis. 356 35

Antithyroglobulin antibodies (ATA) and antithyroid microsomal antibodies (AMA) were sought and thyroid function was determined in 90 Hispanic patients with type I diabetes mellitus followed up for up to seven years. We detected ATA in 7.5% of our patients and AMA in 34.8%. All serum samples positive for ATA also contained AMA. There was no sex difference in the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity. A small, firm goiter was present in eight patients, one of whom developed Graves' disease. Our results suggest that a relatively high prevalence of AMA and no sex difference in thyroid autoimmunity may be unique features of Hispanic children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus. Such patients should be clinically evaluated for thyroid dysfunction and should be screened annually for the presence of AMA. When antibodies are present, laboratory evaluation of thyroid function should be performed frequently.
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PMID:Antithyroid antibodies in Hispanic patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Prevalence and significance. 377 46

In most of the cases, once a given endocrine gland is involved, the corresponding specific autoantibody may be detected; for example, anti-islet cell antibodies are produced within the first few years, after onset of symptoms in insulin-dependent diabetes (DID). Accompanying autoantibodies are quite frequently found in the patient himself. In Schmidt's syndrome (thyroid and adrenal glands are involved and associated to IDD in 30% of the cases) thyroid microsomal antibodies are found in 38% of the cases, thyroglobulin antibodies in 11% of the cases, islet-cell antibodies in 7% of the cases and steroid cell antibodies in 17% of the cases. Associations are also possible in patient family members. Aberrant expression of HLA-DR molecules at the membrane of follicular thyroid cells (as of any other endocrine gland), following a viral aggression, could well account for the endocrinopathy combinations, but alternative mechanisms should be discussed.
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PMID:[Autoimmune polyendocrinopathies. Pathogenic hypotheses]. 382 97

Fibrous breast lumps were noted in 12 women with longstanding type I diabetes mellitus who had multiple diabetic complications including cheiroarthropathy (11 of 12). 5 of the 12 women also had thyroid microsomal antibodies (greater than 1:1000). The coexistence of cheiroarthropathy and fibrosis of the breasts raises the possibility of a common link related to the connective-tissue abnormalities observed in diabetes. Although autoimmunity may also be a factor, HLA histocompatibility typing did not indicate that these patients formed a distinct subgroup of type I diabetics.
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PMID:Fibrous disease of the breast, thyroiditis, and cheiroarthropathy in type I diabetes mellitus. 614 37

Significant high titres (1:400-1:25,600) of circulating thyroid microsomal antibodies (MCHA) were found in the sera of 5 out of 59 non-ketoacidotic, insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients (mean age 14.5 years). Among these five patients (four females, one male), all of whom were over 11 years, two also had thyroglobulin antibodies. Increased thyrotropin (TSH) response to TRH was found in 3/5 MCHA positive patients and in 3/54 without circulating MCHA. Serum thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (FT4) average values were significantly lower (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001) in diabetics (7.1 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dl and 10.2 +/- 3.1 pg/ml, means +/- SD) as compared to normal sex and age matched controls (8.9 +/- 1.9 micrograms/dl and 12.2 +/- 2.2 pg/ml, respectively). T4 and FT4 values were inversely related to the duration of the disease. Subnormal T4 values were found in six (five females and one male) patients, four of whom had subnormal FT4 values. No patient had low triiodothyronine (T3) and high reverse T3 (rT3) values, i.e. none displayed the biochemical pattern of the 'low T3 syndrome' described with ketoacidotic status. This indicates also a satisfactory compensation of IDDM in all the patients. At the time of study no patient (including also those with circulating MCHA and TGHA and with TSH hyper-response to TRH) showed either thyroid size enlargement or clinical features of thyroid dysfunction including impaired growth and bone age retardation.
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PMID:Circulating thyroid antibodies and thyroid function studies in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 648 76

A 7 1/2 year old girl, diagnosed as having insulin dependent diabetes "mellitus" and while receiving treatment, a clinical and analytical hypothyroidism was detected. She was found to have a level of antimicrosomal antibodies of 1/102,400. Discovery of microsomal antibodies in insulin dependent diabetic children is frequently mentioned in medical literature, whereas in 25 diabetics at this Centre these findings proved to be negative. Clinical association of both these illnesses is not common.
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PMID:[Diabetes and hypothyroidism]. 652 39

Of 771 young diabetic patients, thyroid microsomal autoantibodies occurred in 136 (17.6%) at a female/male ratio of nearly 2:1 and with a predominance of white patients (20.1%) over black patients (5.5%) (P less than 0.001). Thus, one in every four white female patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had TMA. Thyroglobulin autoantibodies were no more common in patients with IDDM than among controls. Of the 117 patients (out of the 136) with serologic evidence of chronic thyroiditis who could be studied, eight (7%) had hyperthyroidism and 45 (38%) were hypothyroid. Hyperthyroidism usually preceded or coincided with the appearance of IDDM, whereas hypothyroidism occurred with or following the onset of IDDM. Hypothyroidism appeared irreversible in most patients, but in three, periods of hypothyroidism were followed by euthyroidism, presumably explained by a compensatory hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. In the 136 patients with TMA, gastric and adrenocortical autoantibodies also occurred at relatively high frequencies (16.8% and 5.1%, respectively). On the basis of these studies, we urge that all patients with IDDM be screened for TMA and that those with positive results undergo annual thyroid function tests as well as determinations of gastric parietal and adrenocortical autoantibodies.
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PMID:Thyroid autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the case for routine screening. 726 87


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