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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was made of the interrelationship of myocardial perfusion with physical working capacity in different types of DM (with the duration of disease from 4 to 8 years without clinical signs of circulatory insufficiency). Rated physical exercise testing in 12 patients with insulin dependent diabetes and 27 patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes as well as in 40 healthy subjects has shown a GTT decrease in diabetes mellitus irrespective of patient's age, sex and body mass to be more marked in noninsulin dependent type and to be closely related to disturbed oxygen supply of the heart and a lowered myocardial reserve. Bicycle ergometric testing combined with 201Tl scintigraphy in 20 patients has shown disorder of perfusion in all the patients irrespective of a diabetes type and duration of disease. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was characterized by stable perfusion defects resulting from metabolic derangements, and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus was characterized by a decrease in the level of a maximum Tl uptake by the myocardium and transient perfusion defects of ischemic type.
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PMID:[Physical working capacity and myocardial perfusion in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 178 5

During the period from 1974 through 1988, we annually examined approximately 225,000 to 386,400 school children residing in Tokyo for glycosuria to detect juvenile diabetes. If the first test was positive for glucose, glycosuria was confirmed by a second test. In children who gave a positive result in both the first and second tests 0-GTT were performed. All 124 patients were diagnosed as NIDDM according to the criteria of the WHO Report on Diabetes of 1985. The incidence of NIDDM in children in Japan has increased in recent years and from 1984 to 1986 was approximately 3.8 per 100,000 per year. The frequency of NIDDM increases with age up to 14 years. In about 84% of cases, the body weight at diagnosis is more than 20% above the ideal weight and the height is often above average. There is a high frequency in families with a history of diabetes. Diet and exercise therapy in newly diagnosed patients irrespective of the presence or absence of obesity may result in remission, but some cases may require insulin therapy or oral administration of a hypoglycemic drug to obtain a better glycemic control. Children with NIDDM are more likely to be complicated by incipient retinopathy within two years after diagnosis than those with IDDM. Therefore, it is important to keep strict glycemic control to prevent diabetic complications in NIDDM children just as in juvenile onset IDDM.
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PMID:Descriptive epidemiology of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus detected by urine glucose screening in school children in Japan. 208 75

HLA antigens (A, B, DR) of the tissues of 171 patients with different types of diabetes mellitus were investigated. Controls were 1867 healthy Leningrad residents (control I), not investigated with the GTT, and 38 pregnant women with the unchanged GTT during pregnancy (control II). Some features of the frequency of occurrence of individual antigens and their interlocular (HLA A, B) combinations in type I and type II diabetes mellitus and diabetes of pregnant women were established. The risk of diabetes mellitus, type I, development was shown to be on the increase in the presence of HLA DR4 in the phenotype and considerably on the decrease in the presence of HLA B17. The results point out to the genetic heterogeneity of different types of diabetes mellitus. The authors think it possible to use HLA typing for the diagnosis of type I diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Antigens of the HLA system in different types of diabetes mellitus]. 233 Mar 58

A pyruvate test for glucose tolerance was used during prophylactic medical examination of 47 students and 27 children without risk factors, 54 students with risk factors, 31 patients with type I diabetes mellitus and 220 construction workers in order to test a new methodological basis for the strategy of primary prevention of diabetes mellitus. The investigations showed the presence in a general population of 3-modal distribution of a variant of the capillary blood pyruvate level on the 120th min. of a GTT according to physiological glucose tolerance, potential (prediabetic) and actual (diabetic) carbohydrate metabolic derangements. A high informative value of the pyruvate test for glucose tolerance makes this method appropriate for identification of persons, genetically predisposed to the development of diabetes mellitus, for implementation of a population strategy of prevention of this disease as well as strategy of prevention of diabetes among persons with risk factors.
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PMID:[The implementation of a strategy for the primary prevention of diabetes mellitus]. 258 25

Hyperglycemia and other metabolic derangements resulting from absolute or functional deficiency of insulin are accompanied by typical signs and symptoms of diabetes. The clinical signs and the findings of hyperglycemia over 200 mg/dl should establish a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. An oral glucose tolerance test (O-GTT) is rarely necessary for diagnosis of diabetes in a child. A small proportion of children, however, present less severe symptoms, and may require an O-GTT. Approximately 14% of IDDM children were in coma at diagnosis in Tokyo, and 11 onset deaths (0.94%) were observed among the 1172 newly diagnosed IDDM cases in Japan. A significant decline in the onset mortality, however, has been observed in the past 20 years in Japan in association with the improvement of early management of childhood diabetes. The clinical distinction of IDDM from NIDDM is often difficult in diabetic children of Oriental origin without obesity. Japanese IDDM can be divided into two forms, abrupt and slow onset forms, but they may be essentially the same disease. There was no difference in the frequency of being tested positive for circulating ICA between the two groups of the patients. But a difference in the frequency of HLA DR4 and DRW9 was noticed between the two groups. Clinical features of 107 children with NIDDM were studied and about 75% of these cases were obese. All of them can be detected by routine urinalysis for glucose. Diet and exercise therapy in most of the newly diagnosed patients resulted in remission but some of them may require insulin or an oral hypoglycemic agent to get better glycemic control.
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PMID:Initial signs and diagnosis of diabetes--special considerations of Oriental patients. 263 91

Certain acute and chronic metabolic effects of nicardipine have been studied in 20 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). An intravenous glucose tolerance test (i.v. GTT, glucose 0.33 g/kg as a bolus) and the corresponding insulin response were assessed at the end of a 4 week placebo period, after the first dose and on administration for 12 weeks of nicardipine 20 mg t.i.d. The glucose and insulin responses to the i.v.GTT, evaluated as incremental AUCs, did not change significantly (glucose 30.5 mg/dl.90 min on placebo, 33.1 mg/dl.90 min acutely and 31.4 mg/dl.90 min on chronic administration of nicardipine; insulin 2.08 microU/ml.90 min on placebo, 1.87 microU/ml.90 min acutely and 1.93 microU/ml.90 min after chronic nicardipine). Glucose removal rate (KG) following the i.v.GTT was 0.73%/min on placebo 0.75%/min on acute administration and 0.8%.min-1 with chronic nicardipine. Active treatment produced a significant reduction of blood pressure (from 187/96 mm Hg on placebo to 166/89 mm Hg acutely and 152/83 mm Hg after 12 weeks of nicardipine treatment). It is concluded that the calcium antagonist nicardipine was an effective antihypertensive drug, and that it did not cause deterioration of metabolic control in hypertensive patients with NIDD.
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PMID:Effect of nicardipine on insulin secretion, glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive, non-insulin dependent diabetics. 264 44

The paper is concerned with the investigation of problems of the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and simulation of this disease in animals in order to study its preclinical stages. Experiments were performed on adult male rats using i.v. GTT, a radioimmunoassay for determination of blood insulin, immunoenzymatic detection of autoantibodies to pancreatic islet cell surface, and determination of complement dependent cytotoxicity. Fractionated intraperitoneal administration of subdiabetic doses of streptozocin was shown to cause the destruction of the insular apparatus in rats with the involvement of the immune system. Five injections of B-cytotoxin (40 mg/kg) caused the development of manifest diabetes mellitus, two injections led to a decrease in function of the insular apparatus and the appearance of autoantibodies to the surface of islet cells with cytotoxic features. Problems of the pathogenetic role of factors of humoral immunity in the development of type I diabetes mellitus are under discussion.
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PMID:[Simulation of diabetes mellitus in rats: Latent and manifest forms]. 306 76

The level of pancreatic hormones was studied in 10 healthy persons and in 40 patients with diabetes mellitus detected for the first time by GTT, their body mass being normal. For assessment of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), the level of proinsulin and biological activity of serum insulin were determined, and these indices were compared with glucose and C-peptide levels. The examinees' inhomogeneity was shown; on the basis of the findings obtained 2 groups were identified. A decrease in the levels of IRI, C-peptide and biological activity of serum insulin in the 1st group indicated a possibility of type I diabetes mellitus in such patients. Hyperinsulinemia, not correlating with glucose and C-peptide, a high percentage of proinsulin and low biological activity of serum insulin were noted in the 2nd group. The study permitted a differentiated approach to assessment of patients and a choice of therapeutic tactics.
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PMID:[Pancreatic hormone secretion in patients with newly detected diabetes mellitus]. 307 May 38

The authors described the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in persons at high risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes (IDD) and different types of manifest disease. Among I degree healthy relatives of probands with IDD antibodies were detected in 16%. In disorder of the oral GTT (a small group) ICSA were found in 57% of examinees. In the group of IDD patients which was heterogeneous in duration of disease and age at its onset, the frequency of ICSA was 38%. The least frequency (10%) of antibodies was observed in patients with non-insulin dependent (NIDD) compensated by a diet and oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Among non-compensated NIDD patients 62% were ICSA-positive. Thus, ICSA determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, could be employed as a marker of autoimmune damage of the insular apparatus for prognosis of the development of "primary" and "secondary" insulin dependence.
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PMID:[Immunoenzyme detection of autoantibodies to the surface of pancreatic islet cells in diabetes mellitus and in increased risk of its development]. 329 55

The paper is concerned with an analysis of examination of 414 relatives of the 1st-3rd degree of relationship in 230 families of probands with diabetes mellitus of different types. The frequency of detection of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) among relatives of the 1st degree of relationship in the families of IDDM probands was 1.0 +/- 5.8%. Patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were not detected in these families. The frequency of NIDDM detectability among relatives of the 1st-3rd degree of relationship in the families of NIDDM probands was 38.2-2.5%. IIDM was most common in relatives of the 1st degree of relationship, particularly in women aged 50 to 60 suffering from obesity. A follow-up of relatives with disturbed GTT in the families of NIDDM probands revealed NIDDM in 30% and regression up to normal GTT in 50%.
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PMID:[Detection of hereditary forms of diabetes mellitus based on catamnestic data gathered over a period of many years]. 342 41


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