Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is a strong relationship between ghrelin, insulin, glucose and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 metabolism. This aim of this study was to investigate ghrelin level, and its relationship with IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Twenty-seven children with DM1 and 25 healthy controls were investigated. Ghrelin levels were similar, and IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were lower, in prepubertal and pubertal patients compared to controls. In the patient group, ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with chronological age, height, weight, pubertal status and IGF-I, but had no correlation with fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin dose, duration of insulin therapy, and IGFBP-3 levels. Similar ghrelin levels in patients compared to controls may suggest that ghrelin levels remain unchanged in children with DM1, or that altered ghrelin levels at diagnosis recover as a consequence of insulin therapy. The lack of correlation of serum ghrelin levels with fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and insulin dose suggests that ghrelin level is not affected by these parameters. Decreased IGF-I level and its negative correlation with ghrelin are compatible with previous findings.
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PMID:Ghrelin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. 1645 70

Recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) complexed with its natural binding protein IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 (rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3) is a novel formulation that has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes, yet the mechanisms are not clear. We used stable isotopes to investigate the effects of rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 on glucose and glycerol metabolism in type 1 diabetes. Fifteen subjects (age 13-24 years; 10 males) were studied on three occasions in random order. Each study period lasted for two days, and an injection of either placebo or rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 (0.1-0.8 mg x kg(-1) x day (-1)) was given subcutaneously at 6:00 p.m. on days 1 and 2. Following the second injection, the subjects were kept euglycemic overnight by a variable rate insulin infusion, followed by a 4-h, two-step (insulin 0.6 and 1.5 mU x kg(-1) x min (-1)) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. During the overnight basal steady state, rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 dose-dependently reduced endogenous glucose production rate (R(a)) (P = 0.004), while peripheral glucose uptake (R(d)) was not different from placebo. The increase in glucose R(d) during hyperinsulinemic clamp was greater following rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 than placebo, both during the first (P = 0.008) and second step (P = 0.008) of the clamp. No significant differences were found in glycerol R(a), a measure of lipolysis, between rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 and placebo. In conclusion, rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 enhances glucose metabolism by controlling both endogenous glucose output and peripheral glucose uptake.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant human IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 complex on glucose and glycerol metabolism in type 1 diabetes. 1687 2

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been inconsistently associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. 86 consecutive T1DM cases and 140 unrelated age and sex matched healthy nondiabetic controls were included in the study. After history and examination, BMD and body composition were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum samples were analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, 25 (OH) vitamin D3, intact parathormone (PTH) levels (both cases and controls) and HbA1c, antimicrosomal and IgA tissue transglutaminase (IgA TTG) antibodies, cortisol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) (cases only). T1DM cases had a lower BMD as compared to controls at both total body (TB) and lumbar spine (LS) (P < 0.05). Patients with celiac autoimmunity (CA) had significantly, lower BMD as compared to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched T1DM controls. Linear regression analysis showed that low BMD in T1DM patients was associated with poor glycaemic control, lower IGF-1 levels, less physical activity (in total population as well as in male and female subgroups), and lower body fat percentage (in females) and higher alkaline phosphatase level (in males) (P < 0.05).
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PMID:A study of bone mineral density and its determinants in type 1 diabetes mellitus. 2360 45

Increasing evidence suggests a role of the IGF axis in the maintenance of normal glucose and lipid metabolism. The local IGF-IGFBP environment changes significantly in response to the diabetes milieu. We aimed at determining serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their relationship with clinical variables. Seventy-eight patients with T1DM and 47 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Significant reduction for concentration of serum IGF-1 was observed in patients with T1DM compared to healthy controls. However, serum IGFBP-3 levels were similar in patients with T1DM compared to controls. Both serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly correlated with age, BMI, and serum c-peptide levels. In addition, serum IGFBP-3 levels showed significant positive correlation with HbA1c, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in the uncontrolled diabetic patients. These findings suggest that IGFBP-3 may be involved in the glucose control and lipid metabolism in those with uncontrolled T1DM. Further studies are needed to document their roles on glucose and lipid metabolism in T1DM.
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PMID:Serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 level correlated with glycemic control and lipid profiles in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. 2482 82

Though children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are often tall at the time of diagnosis, they may experience growth retardation, pubertal delay or both, which may be due to poor glycemic control, associated diseases or chronic complications. Factors affecting growth include: gender, genetic environment, age at diagnosis, diabetes duration, puberty, metabolic control, and status of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). Insulin regulates expression of hepatic GH receptors, affects IGFs and IGFBPs synthesis by modulating GH postreceptor events, and significantly increases IGF-I bioactivity. Low portal insulin seen in T1DM leads to GH hypersecretion, low circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3, and high circulating IGFBP-1. Newly diagnosed T1DM patients have decreased GHBP which can be restored with insulin therapy. Growth velocity should be appropriate for the age of the child/adolescent, and the mid-parental height. Height, weight and blood pressure (BP) should be measured and plotted on a growth chart at least 2-3 times a year. Puberty should also be assessed annually. Following precautions are to be taken in T1DM children: checking for pubertal onset and ensuring it is not delayed, testing early when growth falters (hypothyroidism/celiac disease/puberty/other conditions), aiming for best possible metabolic control (multidose regimens, regardless of type of insulin), and encouraging dietary calcium and protein, exposure to sunlight, Vitamin D supplements and exercise.
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PMID:Growth disorders in type 1 diabetes: an Indian experience. 2594 56

Increasing evidence suggests an important role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding protein (IGFBP) axis in the maintenance of normal glucose and lipid metabolism. Significant changes occur in the local IGF-I-IGFBPs environment in response to the diabetic milieu. A significant reduction of serum IGF-I levels was observed in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Inversely, considerably increased serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were detected in individuals with glucose intolerance including T2DM. Recently, several prospective studies indicated that baseline levels of IGF-I and IGFBPs are associated with the development of diabetes. These findings suggest that disturbances in insulin and IGF-I-IGFBP axis can affect the development of glucose intolerance including diabetes.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins axis in diabetes mellitus. 2619 9

We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl referred to our diabetes unit for hyperglycemia associated with facial dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, and cerebral cavernomas. Based on presence of anti islet antigen-2 (IA2) antibodies and a human leukocyte antigen of DR3/DR4/DQ2, the patient was initially diagnosed to be a case of type 1 diabetes mellitus. At follow-up, the very good metabolic control on a low insulin dose and negative IA2 antibodies led to a suspicion of glucokinase (GCK)-related maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY 2). This suspicion was substantiated in multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) which showed a heterozygous GCK deletion (exons 1 to 12). However, the patient's parents did not have such a deletion and were clinically euglycemic. Given the clinical picture and the MLPA findings, array based comparative genomic hybridization was performed showing a monoallelic deletion of 7.23 Mb in the short arm of chromosome 7 (7p13-p12.1). The deleted intervals contain 39 genes listed in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man list, including GCK associated with MODY 2, CCM2 associated with type 2 cerebral cavernous malformations, IGFBP-3 associated with decrease in postnatal growth, and OGD associated with alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, with cognitive impairment and movement abnormalities. This previously unreported deletion was considered to explain the clinical picture of the patient. Also, the findings suggest that 7p13-p12.1 contains genes involved in intellectual disability and craniofacial development.
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PMID:Dysmorphic Features, Frontal Cerebral Cavernoma, and Hyperglycemia in a Girl with a De Novo Deletion of 7.23 Mb in Region 7p13-p12.1. 2838 48


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