Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 5 patients (2 women and 3 men, aged 16-36 years), diabetic ketoacidosis developed without precipitating illness. Pancreatic islet cell antibody was negative, and the duration of insulin dependency was shorter than 4 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c was < or = 6.3% for the mean period of 2.8 years thereafter, with diet therapy alone in 4 and with 5 mg glyburide in 1. Four were overweight before the development of diabetes, and 3 of them positive for family history of adult-onset, non-ketotic diabetes. Frequency of human leukocyte antigen B61 was increased significantly in the patients. In a patient not previously overweight, family history of diabetes was negative, and human leukocyte antigen haplotypes common in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were accumulated. Serum immunoreactive insulin was within normal range or supranormal with normal glucose tolerance after recovery. The patients closely resemble black Americans with ketoacidosis-onset non-insulin dependent diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Ketoacidosis-onset noninsulin dependent diabetes in Japanese subjects. 748 23

The present study was conducted to clarify the clinical and genetic characteristics of the diabetic patients who have antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADab) but are diagnosed initially as type 2 diabetes because of the slow progression. Fifty-five GADab+ patients and 137 GADab- patients were recruited. The GADab+ patients were divided into two subgroups according to their antibody titers. The high-titer subgroup (Ab > or = 20 U/ml) had lower urinary C-peptide concentrations, and was assigned insulin therapy more often than the GADab- patients. In contrast to the high-titer subgroup, clinical parameters in the low-titer subgroup were similar to the GADab- diabetic patients. The urinary C-peptide levels correlated negatively with the GADab titer in the GADab+ patients. Analysis of type 1 diabetes-susceptible HLA alleles revealed high frequencies of the B54 and DRB1*0405 allele, but not the B61 and DRB1*0901 alleles, in the high-titer subgroup, whereas the frequency of the protective DRB1*1502 allele was decreased. The GADab+ patients with the B54 allele had higher GADab titers and lower urinary C-peptide excretion than patients without this allele. These data indicated that patients with a high-GADab titer share the autoimmune background characteristic of type 1 diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and genetic characteristics of GAD-antibody positive patients initially diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. 1553 84