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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypothyroidism in patients with diabetes mellitus is usually primary though rarely secondary hypothyroidism has occurred. An 11 6/12 year old white female developed diabetes mellitus at 8 6/12 years of age. She received treatment up to 40 units NPH daily with adequate control and normal growth. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed after a 3 month history of lethargy, constipation, dryness of skin and decreasing insulin requirement to 10 units NPH per day. Physical examination was entirely normal, except for dry skin. Serum levels of free thyroxine, thyroxine, T3 resin uptake, were low as was 131I uptake. Primary hypothyroidism was ruled out by the absence of goitre, absent antithyroid antibodies, low basal TSH levels and increased 131I uptake after TSH administration. Serum TSH levels rose 4-fold in respone to intravenous TRH administration. The patient was treated with 0.15 mg daily of L-thyroxine with very good response. This report describes a patient with juvenile diabetes mellitus and isolated TSH deficiency with hypothyroidism of probably hypothalamic origin, an association not previously described in children.
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PMID:Isolated thyrotrophin deficiency in diabetes mellitus. 57 89

We investigated thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) degradation in terms of half-life (t1/2) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) in eight subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) before and after strict metabolic control. The results were compared with those of six healthy control subjects. The basal plasma TRH-IR levels (31 +/- 9 fmoles/ml) were on the lowest normal limit in the IDDM patients and were not considerably changed (24 +/- 10) after strict metabolic control. The basal and delta max rise of TSH to TRH (200 micrograms i.v.) were not significantly different before or after improved metabolic control in IDDM and as compared to controls. The TRH-degradation curves showed similar exponential decay before and after improvement of metabolic control (t1/2: 7.6 +/- 0.4 min and 7.3 +/- 0.3 respectively; 6.5 +/- 0.4 min for the controls). The MCR of exogenously administered TRH in IDDM before (65.5 +/- 8.6 l/m2/day) and after (65.0 +/- 8.9) control was not different compared to the normals (76.5 +/- 9.6). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) in IDDM before (52.193 +/- 6.773 fmoles.ml-1.min) and after improvement of metabolic control (53.186 +/- 7.856) was slightly higher than in the healthy subjects (40.151 +/- 3.741, n.s.). These findings demonstrate that a) the degradation of exogenous TRH is not dependent on the glucose metabolic state, b) insulin deficient diabetes mellitus does not affect the enzymatic system responsible for TRH degradation and, c) the hypothalamic-pituitary axis appears to be intact in IDDM.
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PMID:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone degradation in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Effects of metabolic control. 172

BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats develop insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) spontaneously. Our previous studies have shown that BB/W (Saitama-Tokyo colony) rats develop LT at about 10 weeks of age. Their serum TSH values increase as LT extends, although their serum thyroid hormone levels remain normal. This indicates that BB/W rats suffer from subclinical hypothyroidism. To investigate whether BB/W rats have a defect in iodide metabolism, the thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) in BB/W rats was examined. Thyroidal RAIU at 3hr in both 8 and 16 week-old BB/W rats was significantly higher than that in age-matched normal Wistar rats. On the other hand, BB/W rats had significantly lower 48hr thyroidal RAIU than normal Wistar rats. This suggests that BB/W rats appear to have some defects in iodide metabolism, especially in iodide organification even before the development of LT. The expression of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) mRNA in BB/W and Wistar rats was then examined using the Northern blot analysis. The expression of both TPO and Tg mRNA was greatly decreased in BB/W rats compared with that in Wistar rats despite the high serum TSH levels in BB/W rats. This indicates that BB/W rats may have pretranslational defects in TPO and Tg synthesis, resulting in the impaired thyroid hormone synthesis. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that BB/W rats appear to have a defect(s) in iodide metabolism possibly due to some abnormalities in TPO and Tg synthesis.
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PMID:[Studies on the iodide metabolism and the expression of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase mRNA in the thyroid of BB/W rats]. 175 38

Effects of dietary iodine on the induction of thyroid carcinoma using N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) were studied. Male Wistar rats were fed with an iodine-adequate diet (IAD group), an iodine-rich diet (IRD group) and an iodine-deficient diet (IDD group), respectively, until the time of sacrifice. From the 2nd experimental month, animals were injected with BHP once a week for 10 weeks. In the IAD and IRD groups, benign nodules and papillary carcinoma were found. The incidence of rats with benign nodules was 100% in both groups and animals with papillary carcinoma in the IAD and IRD groups comprised 33% and 29%, respectively. The area of the thyroid gland occupied by nodular lesions was much narrower in the IRD group than in the IAD group. In the IDD group, the thyroid showed marked enlargement due to multiple nodular proliferation of follicle cells. The incidence of rats with carcinoma was 100%, and not only papillary but also follicular carcinoma and one pulmonary metastasis were found. As the iodine content of the diet decreased, the nodular lesions increased in width and number, and the incidence of carcinoma in rats became higher. These effects of dietary iodine are probably related to the goitrogenic and/or promoting effects of TSH.
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PMID:Effects of dietary iodine on chemical induction of thyroid carcinoma. 229 2

Thalidomide, a derivative of glutamic acid, has immunosuppressive effects and suppresses graft-vs-host disease in the rat and following bone marrow transplantation in man. It is effectively used in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum and has a potential therapeutic effect in a variety of autoimmune diseases. In view of these observations, we evaluated the effect of thalidomide on the incidence of spontaneous and iodine-induced lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat. Thalidomide did not suppress the incidence of lymphocytic thyroiditis and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies or affect the serum concentrations of T4, T3 and TSH in this rat model. Thalidomide also did not affect the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In contrast to preliminary studies in man and rat demonstrating efficacy in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, thalidomide did not prevent or suppress autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat.
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PMID:Effect of thalidomide on the incidence of iodine-induced and spontaneous lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat. 238 27

Among the various autoantibody tests applied in research and clinical practice, the determination of thyroid microsomal (TMAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) still retains its strong value in the screening for thyroid autoimmunity. The presence in the serum of TMAb is almost invariably associated with thyroid autoimmune disease or focal thyroiditis. The appearance of TMAb together with elevated serum-TSH in subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis strongly suggests progression to overt hypothyroidism. Pregnant women with positive TMAb and/or TgAb run an increased risk for post-partum painless thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis and subsequent hypothyroidism. After delivery also a relapse of previously unrecognized Graves' thyrotoxicosis may occur. Thyroid antibody determination is not a valuable tool to discriminate autoimmune thyroiditis from thyroid malignancies. TMAb and TgAb determination helps to recognize individuals with thyroid autoimmunity among patients with non-thyroid autoimmune diseases such as Addison's disease and Type I diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:On the clinical importance of thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibody determination. 347 12

Serum T4, FT4, T3, and TSH were measured in a group of children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and a control group. In the insulin dependent diabetes mellitus group, serum T3 concentration was significantly lower than the control values. Serum T4, FT4 and TSH level did not differ. The difference in serum T3 concentration was significant between diabetic children with good or poor control. Thyroglobulin antibodies were investigated in diabetic children by Serono's "hTg antibodies" kit. Thyroglobulin antibodies were present in 14.5%. TSH concentration did not differ in antibody positive and negative cases, but one child with diabetes had evidence of moderately impaired thyroid reserve.
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PMID:Thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin autoantibodies in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 359 81

The basal and TRH-induced prolactin (PRL) and TSH secretions were examined in 14 children aged 4 to 13 years with newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes (IDD) within three weeks after diagnosis. Basal PRL levels did not differ from the values of control. In response to TRH, 6 out of 14 patients showed an exaggerated PRL response and 8 a normal PRL response. The basal and TRH-induced TSH secretions were normal, while plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.02) lower in patients than in controls. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of children with newly diagnosed IDD has an exaggerated PRL response to TRH, and TSH secretion remains unchanged despite significant decreases of circulating thyroid hormone levels.
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PMID:Plasma prolactin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in children with newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes. 640 63

In order to assess whether a possible altered dopamine activity in normal-menstruating diabetic patients may influence the pituitary hormone secretion we have measured the basal serum concentrations of Prl, LH and FSH in 28 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in 55 normal-menstruating women at day 3 to 6 of the menstrual cycle. In addition basal levels of oestradiol-17 beta, TSH, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and resin-T3 uptake (RT3U) were determined in 17 patients with IDDM and in 17 controls. The responses of FSH, LH, Prl, GH and TSH to metoclopramide (MTC) administration (10 mg iv) were studied in 17 patients and 17 controls. In 10 patients with IDDM and 8 controls the short-term variations in pituitary hormones and blood glucose concentration were evaluated. Patients with IDDM had significantly lower basal levels of Prl (P less than 0.01) and TSH (P less than 0.05) and significantly (P less than 0.05) higher basal levels of GH than normal women. No significant (P greater than 0.05) differences were found regarding basal serum concentrations of FSH, LH, oestradiol, T4, T3 and RT3U. During the 3 h period the mean coefficient of variation of Prl, FSH, LH and GH was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different between diabetic patients and controls. Both groups responded significantly (P less than 0.01) in Prl and TSH to MTC but the TSH response was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in patients with IDDM. The Prl response to MTC was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different within the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Possible altered dopaminergic modulation of pituitary function in normal-menstruating women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). 644 Mar 90

Measurements of T4, T3, rT3, and TSH were done in 27 children with newly diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus prior to institution of treatment. Serum T4 concentrations were low in 18%, serum T3 concentrations were low in 37%. Serum rT3 concentrations were elevated in 59%; the ratio rT3/T3 was elevated in 78%. The ratio rT3/T3 was significantly higher in the group of patients with the low pH, the low bicarbonate levels, the high blood glucose, and the high serum osmolality values than in the group of patients with the high pH, the high bicarbonate levels, the low blood glucose, and the low serum osmolality values.
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PMID:[Changes in thyroxine conversion (low T3 syndrome) in children at the time of their first manifestation of type I diabetes]. 683 42


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