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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1982 and 1991 in Tanzania, health workers at the diabetic clinic of Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam registered 86 children and teenagers (0-19 years old) from the indigenous population (Bantu ethnic group) who had insulin-dependent, juvenile diabetes mellitus to determine its incidence in Dar es Salaam. The researchers had taken appropriate steps to assure that they recorded all diagnosed cases of juvenile diabetes in Dar es Salaam. Just 1 child under 5 years old was registered. Most of the children (63) were diagnosed in the first 5 years of the study. The researchers could not explain the decrease in diagnosis in the 2nd half of the 10-year study period. The mean crude annual incidence of diagnosed diabetes over the study period was 1.5/100,000 population. Incidence increased with age (.06 for 0-4 year olds, .5 for 5-9 year olds, 2.2 for 10-14 year olds, and 3.4 for 15-19 year olds). The incidence of juvenile diabetes among African Americans and among black children in the Virgin Islands and Cuba is 8, 4, and 3 times higher, respectively, than the incidence found in Tanzania. These higher incidences suggested a genetic effect because the genetic admixture of the African Americans consisted of 2 ethnic groups, one of which tends to have a low incidence (Bantu) while the other group tends to have a high incidence (northern European), and the genetic admixture of the Cubans consisted of 2 ethnic groups both with a low incidence of juvenile diabetes (Bantu and Hispanic). Genetic factors may have a protective effect because significant determinants of juvenile diabetes found among Europeans (i.e., infection and material deprivation which are present in Tanzania) did not effect an increased risk in the Dar es Salaam population.
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PMID:Prospective study of incidence of juvenile diabetes mellitus over 10 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 832 15

The urinary iodine excretions of women (15-40 y) and young children (< or = 6 y) from two longhouse villages in the iodine-deficient district of Lubok Antu, Sarawak, were compared. One longhouse (Mengkak) was provided with freshly produced iodized salt every two months (one kg per family) while the other (Menjiling) was provided with iodized water via fortification of the village piped-water supply. Spot urines were collected for iodine determination at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the start of the study. Salt and water samples were collected at monthly intervals. Goiter assessment was performed on the women at the start and end of the one-year study. The mean iodine concentrations in the salt samples from Mengkak and Menjiling were, respectively, 47.1 +/- 9.7 mg/kg (n = 60) and 0.8 +/- 3.4 mg/kg (n = 60) while the mean iodine concentration in the water samples from Menjiling was 138.6 +/- 43.2 micrograms/L (n = 24); iodine could not be detected in the water samples from Mengkak. There were significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions of both women and young children in Menjiling; in Mengkak, however, significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions were observed only in women while the median urinary iodine excretions of children remained essentially unchanged throughout the study period. Goiter prevalences in the women were reduced in both longhouses. The above observations reveal the inadequacy of iodized salt as a vehicle for iodine delivery to young rural Sarawakian children and indicate the need for other means of delivering supplemental iodine to this age group in areas where salt iodization is the only strategy for IDD control. In contrast, iodization of village water supply by itself is adequate in delivering iodine uniformly to the whole community.
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PMID:Salt: an ineffective vehicle for iodine delivery to young children in rural Sarawak. 908 92