Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The most common disease leading to end-stage renal disease were IDDM for Whites (36%), hypertensive NS for Blacks (26%), and CGN for Hispanics (35%) and Asians (47%). These racial differences should be taken into account in analyzing outcomes with respect to disease. 2. Differences in graft survival associated with different primary diseases were more apparent among Whites than Blacks. Race, rather than disease, was the dominant factor. 3. One-year graft survival was consistently highest for patients with IgA nephropathy (87%) and poorest for patients with SLE (78%). The difference across the spectrum of original diseases was significant (p < 0.001). 4. About 84% of White diabetics and 90% of those under age 50 had an HLA-DR3 or 4 tissue type compared with 50% of White donors (p < 0.001). The 1-year graft survival rate was 80% for DR3 or 4 IDDM patients and 74% for non-DR3/4 patients (p < 0.001). Black IDDM patients also had a significantly increased frequency of DR3 and 4 compared with Black donors (46% vs 32%, p < 0.001) and a similar trend toward higher graft survival, although the difference was not significant. 5. Of Whites transplanted with SLE, 60% had HLA-DR2 or 3 compared with 47% of donors (p < 0.001) and those with DR2 or 3 had significantly higher 1-year graft survival rates. Similar trends were noted for Blacks with SLE. 6. HLA-DR2 was present in 46 of 72 patients (64%) transplanted for Goodpasture's syndrome, compared with 28% of donors. Despite the small numbers, 1-year grafts survival was significantly better in the HLA-DR2 group (p = 0.006). 7. Significantly higher graft survival rates were observed among patients with HLA-DR1 in non-HLA-DR-associated diseases (CGN, IN, NS, or PC) but not in HLA-DR-associated diseases such as IDDM and SLE. 8. There were significant differences in recipient age and sex distributions in the major disease groups. Blacks under age 50 had significantly poorer outcomes than comparable Whites. 9. Pretransplantation health status influenced graft outcome in all disease groups. Patients with IDDM or NS were generally less healthy and correspondingly more debilitated than patients with other diseases. 10. Diabetic given a simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant had 83% 1-year graft survival compared with 78% for those given a kidney alone (p < 0.001).
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PMID:Disease effects and associations. 130 13

To acquire more information on the controversial question of a possible association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus we searched for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among patients hospitalized due to RA in 2 rheumatism hospitals in Finland. Nine subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus were found among an annual number of 1460 patients admitted to one of the hospitals due to RA. These figures give a frequency of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in patients with RA of 0.6% (95% confidence interval 0.2-1.0%), which does not exceed the prevalence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among the middle aged population of Finland in general (0.5-0.6%). Accordingly, no overrepresentation of homozygosity for HLA-DR4 was found among the total number of 25 patients with RA as well as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, though the opposite might be expected as these diseases have a common DR4 association--RA with DR4 and DR1 and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with DR4 and DR3. Instead, an increased frequency of DR1 (p less than 0.0002) and the antigen combination DR1/4 (p less than 0.01) was found in the subjects with both RA and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus compared with the subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus alone.
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PMID:No association between rheumatoid arthritis and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: an epidemiologic and immunogenetic study. 135 69

Studies of various insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) populations have shown that certain HLA antigens confer a high risk of developing disease. There is very little information concerning the distribution of HLA antigens in type 1 diabetes in the Turkish population. In this study, the HLA types of 75 patients and 50 controls were investigated. HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 were found more frequently in the IDDM cases (p = 0.0018 and 0.0119, respectively). DR3/DR4, although more frequent, did not achieve statistical significance. The decreased frequencies of DR1 and DR2 in the IDDM population were not significant whereas the DR7 was found to be significantly decreased (p = 0.025). The younger age of onset was strongly associated with DR4 (p = 0.0029). DR3 was more common among the male and DR4 in the female patients. However, the differences were not significant.
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PMID:The type 1 diabetes and HLA-DR in Turkey. 191 1

The genetic association between HLA-system and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) related or not to type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM), have been analysed in three groups of children: 16 with CLT, 9 with CLT and IDDM, 11 with IDDM and 200 normal controls. The DQw1 antigen (75% vs 55%) was found associated with CLT, furthermore the observed increase of DR1 and DR2 antigens (37% respectively) is secondary to the linkage disequilibrium that exists between them and DQw1. DR3 antigen (60%) was found significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in CLT patients compared with the control group (24%). In diabetic patients, DR3 and DR4 were found in 85% and 63% respectively (p less than 0.001). The DR3 associated haplotype in CLT patients was different from the diabetic one's. All the diabetics, but one, were DR3-B18 haplotype carriers, but this association was only found in 25% CLT patients. The titre of thyroid microsomal antibodies (MCHA) was more frequent in the patients with DQw1 antigen (MCHA DQw1+ : 1/1072; DQw1- : 1/606). The CLT predisposition in childhood may be influenced by genes located within the HLA-region probably more than one, different from the genes related to IDDM. One of this genes closed to the HLA-DQ region, will be involved in the production of autoantibodies.
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PMID:[Susceptibility to chronic HLA-system-associated lymphocytic thyroiditis. Its relationship with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 262 85

The presence of cytoplasmatic islet cell antibodies (ICA) and IgG insulin autoantibodies (IgG-IAA) has been observed in the prediabetic state of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (IDDM). We therefore analyzed the prevalence of these markers in sera from 1117 healthy HLA-typed first-degree relatives (1 degree Rel) of IDDM patients. ICA was determined by indirect immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of human pancreas. For IgG-IAA measurement a competitive solid-phase ELISA was used. ICA were present in 3.5% of 1 degree Rel vs 0.4% of controls (P less than 0.025). The highest frequencies of ICA were found in individuals of IDDM multiplex families (7.7%) and HLA-DR1,3 (5.4%), -DR1,4 (5.8%), and -DR3,4 (6.7%) positive subjects. We therefore conclude that the prevalence of ICA is increased in 1 degree Rel with high genetic risk for diabetes. IgG-IAA occurred in 9.9% of 1 degree Rel vs 1.4% of controls (P less than 0.01). Like ICA, IgG-IAA were significantly increased in a group of subjects being positive for either HLA-DR1,3 -DR1,4, or -DR3,4 (16.5%, P less than 0.01). In multiplex families, however, prevalence of IgG-IAA was not increased. In contrast to ICA there was an additional influence of age and sex: IgG-IAA were found more often in siblings (mean age, 16.6 years; prevalence, 15.0%) than in parents (mean age, 44.1 years; prevalence, 8.3%) of IDDM patients (P less than 0.01). In brothers the prevalence of IgG-IAA is higher than in other 1 degree Rel. Only a weak association between ICA and IgG-IAA was observed in subjects (n = 810) tested for both antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prevalence of cytoplasmatic islet cell antibodies and insulin autoantibodies is increased in subjects with genetically defined high risk for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 264 70

From the study of HLA, A, B, C, DR, Bf and C4A, C4B alleles in 287 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients and 108 controls, comparisons were made between 424 diabetic and 216 normal extended haplotypes. In the "cis" situation (haplotype), the highest relative risks (RR) for IDDM were borne by multiloci allelic associations, mainly DR/complement alleles, rather than by DR3 or DR4 considered alone. Susceptibility was strongly associated with two extended haplotypes (Aw30, Cw5, B18, C4BQ0, C4A3, BfF1, DR3 and A2, Cw3, B15, C4Bx, C4A3, BfS, DR4) or their smaller segments. Two haplotypes, S31 associated with DR2 or DR5 and F31 associated with DRw6 or DR7 had a protective effect. In the "trans" situation (opposite haplotype) the large excess of DR3/DR4 heterozygotes was not the only distortion observed. An excess of DR1 (57%) and of C4BQ0 (40%) was noted among non DR3, non DR4 haplotypes in diabetics compared to normal individuals (26% and 23%, respectively, P less than 0.01, 0.05). Homozygotes for DR3 or DR4 were not increased, and other homozygotes were decreased compared to controls. The protective antigens HLA DR2, DR5 and DR7 seemed not to be distributed randomly: their putative protective effect was not observed in the case of combination with DR1 or a B18, DR3 haplotype. DR2 was never found homozygous or combined with DR5. These results suggest that susceptibility to IDDM is generated by both cis and trans interactions between genes or gene products of the HLA region.
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PMID:Study of cis and trans interactions between extended HLA-haplotypes in insulin-dependent diabetes. 340 91

DR4 and DR3 are in strongest linkage disequilibrium with IDDM susceptibility genes, and DR1 demonstrates a lesser degree of positive disequilibrium. DR3/DR4 heterozygotes have the highest risk. The DR1 increase occurs almost exclusively in DR4/DR1 heterozygotes, suggesting that DR1 may be in disequilibrium with the same susceptibility gene as DR3. Homozygotes for DR4 and especially DR3 have a higher risk than heterozygotes of either with DRX. GLO-2 is increased in diabetic haplotypes carrying DR4, DR3 or DR1.
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PMID:HLA-DR effects in a large German IDDM dataset. 347 65

In an ongoing prospective study 32 individuals have been evaluated for insulin secretory dynamics, islet cell antibodies and HLA antigens, during the preclinical phase of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Twenty-four out of the 32 subjects were islet cell antibody-positive. To date, 14 subjects (10 islet cell antibody-positive, four islet cell antibody-negative) have progressed to develop overt diabetes. Several patterns of HLA-DR expression were noted (DR3/DR4, DR3/DR3, DR3/x, DR3/DR1, DR4/x, DR4/DR7, DR5/DR7, DR1/DR7 and DR1/DR2). Irrespective of differences in islet cell antibody status or HLA-DR alleles, pre-diabetic individuals exhibited a similar slow course of progressive beta-cell dysfunction.
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PMID:Pre-type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: common endocrinological course despite immunological and immunogenetic heterogeneity. 638 19

1. HLA matching remains a major factor in kidney transplantation. Much of the total graft failures can be eliminated through better HLA matching. 2. Very early effects of HLA matching can be seen with the requirement of dialysis within one week. 3. Even among kidneys which are functioning at the beginning of each period, more frequent rejection treatment with increasing numbers of A,B,DR mismatches was observed. 4. Among functioning kidneys, HLA matching affects the quality of kidney function, as reflected in the serum creatinine levels during all periods. 5. Immunological graft failures (regardless of cause) are strongly associated with HLA mismatching. 6. The effect of HLA matching was similar at centers with high or low overall graft survival rates. 7. The fraction of zero-A,B,DR mismatches has increased dramatically in recent years. However, this is a large difference in the numbers between centers and OPOs. 8. Preformed cytotoxic antibodies to HLA tend to force a higher degree of matching for the A and B loci, resulting from T-lymphocyte crossmatching. 9. Because of the linkage of the 3 HLA loci (A, B, and DR), matching for one often results in matching for 2 or 3 of the loci. 10. Chronic glomerulonephritis patients having DR1 had superior graft survival rates than patients without DR1. 11. HLA frequencies in IDDM, hypertensive nephropathy, CGN and PC were significantly different from controls in many Class II specificities and some Class I specificities.
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PMID:HLA matching effect: better survival rates and graft quality. 754 74

Fifty juvenile insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (JIDDM) patients of Tamil Nadu (South India) were typed for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ, ESD, GLOI, C3 and HP polymorphisms. The frequencies of B8, DR3, DR4, DR53 and DQ2 antigens of the HLA system were significantly higher in the patients than in controls (relative risk, RR = 4.81; 5.14; 3.98; 3.36 and 2.53, respectively). However HLA-DR2, -DR5 and -DQ1, observed less frequently in the patient group, appear to play a role of protection against the disease (RR = 0.32; 0.30 and 0.20 respectively). HLA haplotype analysis demonstrated very high relative risk associated with two hitherto unreported haplotypes namely A3,DR1 and Cw3,DR4 (RR = 27.30 and 20.00, respectively) and also scanty distribution of the haplotypes A1,B17 and DR2,DQ1 (RR = 0.39 and 0.36, respectively) in the patient group. Among other genetic markers tested, GLOI is informative with its phenotype GLOI 2-1 showing positive association with JIDDM (RR = 4.06).
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PMID:HLA, ESD, GLOI, C3 and HP polymorphisms and juvenile insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Tamil Nadu (south India). 783 12


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