Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with the potential to destroy pancreatic beta-cells, and thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes mellitus. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and subsequent NO formation induced by IL-1beta may impair an islet function in rodents. Inhibition of iNOS may protect against cytokine-induced beta-cell suppression, although cytokines might also induce NO-independent impairment. To examine the role of NO in the IL-1beta treated cells, rat islets were treated with various concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 pmol/L) of IL-1beta with or without NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA; a competitive inhibitor of nitiric oxide synthase) for 2 or 6 h. Insulin secretion was stimulated in islets treated with 5, 50, and 500 pmol/ L of IL-1beta for 2 h and 0.5 pmol/L for 6 h, respectively. The stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on the insulin secretion of rat islets was not prevented by NMMA. Nitrate concentration was increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Nitrate production was inhibited by NMMA. iNOS mRNA expression was increased at concentrations more than 5 pmol/L of IL-1beta in a dose dependent manner. iNOS mRNA was detectable after 2 h and peaked at 6 h but decreased after 24 h. These results suggested that the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on the insulin secretion of rat islets is independent of iNOS-related NO production of IL-1beta and the enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase.
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PMID:The stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on the insulin secretion of rat pancreatic islet is not related with iNOS pathway. 1198 73

We analyzed the associations of environmental factors with the regional distribution of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Austria. All newly diagnosed cases (n=1449) from 1989 to 1999 were allocated to districts using the postal code. Nitrate content of the water was measured by the Austrian Federal Environmental Agency. Data on infant mortality, population density, and percentage of employment by industry were derived from Statistics Austria. An inverse effect was seen between the proportion of children younger than 15 years of age and the risk ratio (P<.01). Infant mortality, population density, and percentage of persons with employment in industry were not of significant influence. The mean nitrate level was positively associated (P=.07). In regions with a higher percentage of children younger than 15 years of age, fewer children developed diabetes, which is in agreement with the observation that early social mixing is a protective factor. Nitrate levels may have a confounding effect.
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PMID:Small area variation in childhood diabetes mellitus in Austria: links to population density, 1989 to 1999. 1272 82