Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study was designed to evaluate whether the antioxidant nutrients selenium, vitamin A, and vitamin E are associated with alterations of blood viscosity in patients with insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We assessed selenium concentrations in plasma and red blood cells (RBC), glutathione peroxidase activity in RBC, vitamin A and vitamin E, and the viscosity of whole blood and plasma in 20 patients with IDDM and 20 sex, age and body mass index-matched healthy controls. While selenium was not altered in plasma in IDDM, it was markedly decreased in RBC of IDDM (1.24 +/- 0.32 vs 0.92 +/- 0.38 mumol l-1, p = 0.006) correlating negatively with the elastic and viscous component of whole blood viscosity. Plasma viscosity increased with stage of retinopathy. Mean glutathione peroxidase activity in RBC was reduced in IDDM (5.78 +/- 0.77 vs 5.13 +/- 1.03 U gHb-1, p = 0.029). In IDDM with normal renal function (creatinine < or = 97.2 mumol l-1, no albuminuria) vitamin A was significantly reduced (1.26 +/- 0.62 vs 1.89 +/- 0.56 mumol l-1, p = 0.005). Vitamin A levels increased with impaired renal function. They strongly correlated with plasma creatinine (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and plasma viscosity (r = 0.71, p = 0.001). However, in vitro experiments with different vitamin A plasma concentrations indicated that this particular correlation may not represent a causal one. No changes in vitamin E were found in IDDM. We conclude that reduced selenium concentrations in RBC contribute to impaired haemorheology in IDDM patients. Plasma viscosity was not affected by the plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional antioxidants, red cell membrane fluidity and blood viscosity in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. 897 86

1. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are classified among the groups at risk for low vitamin status, and recent studies suggest that some degree of supplementation with antioxidants may be beneficial in helping to prevent certain long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to compare the status of the fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidant-related compounds in patients with well-defined insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with that of their first-degree relatives, controlling seasonal and analytical variability as factors influencing the interpretation of the data. 2. Fifty-four patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 214 non-diabetic, first-degree relatives (controls) and 236 unrelated controls were analysed for retinol, tocopherols (alpha and gamma) and main carotenoids in serum (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene) by means of a validated HPLC method. 3. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was associated with lower retinol levels and higher levels of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin than sex-matched, first-degree relatives. alpha-Tocopherol, the alpha-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio, gamma-tocopherol, lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene showed no differences. Retinol and beta-carotene were the variables most closely associated with diabetes. 4. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus showed lower serum retinol status together with higher concentrations of provitamin-A carotenoids. Serum fat-soluble antioxidant levels were greater than or equal to those in controls. According to the serum status observed, individuals with diabetes do not require supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or carotenoids, although the need for retinol supplementation in patients with marginal serum levels should be evaluated.
 ...
PMID:Carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their immediate relatives. 953 28

Numerous wrinkles are observed in the skin of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats, which are similar to those seen in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) rats. Retinoic acid (RA), the active form of vitamin A, promotes the production of collagen in dermis and induces cell growth and inhibition of epidermal differentiation in skin tissues. Normal skin function is maintained by the extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and hyaluronidase (HAase). This study is the first comparison of MMP and HAase activities in skin tissues of type 1 diabetic, VAD and RA-treated animal models. In skin tissues of type 1 diabetic and VAD rats or VAD mice, both MMP-2 and HAase activities increased as compared with controls. In contrast, MMP and HAase activities were reduced in the skin tissues of RA-treated mice. Blood retinol levels in type 1 diabetic rats were lower than controls. These results indicate a close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency on MMP and HAase in skin tissues, suggesting that type 1 diabetic rats could be vitamin A-deficient. Vitamin A-derived RA might be a significant regulator of ECM-degrading enzyme expression and diabetic symptoms.
 ...
PMID:A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues. 2185 36