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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two lysosomal glycohydrolases, beta-galactosidase and beta-N-hexosaminidase which have been associated with kidney disease were measured in the urine of 110 youngsters with juvenile diabetes mellitus. The mean enzyme excretions in the diabetic group were intermediate between those of normal youngsters and those with active renal disease. Three youngsters with known kidney disease had elevations comparable to others in the diabetic group but no direct correlation could be shown between enzyme elevations and proteinuria or Addis count abnormalities. Positive correlations were seen between enzyme levels and indices of metabolic balance including blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides but not with urine sugar or ketones. Duration and estimated stage and control of diabetes also correlated with the urinary enzymes. These preliminary studies are consistent with the possibility that the excretion of these enzymes reflects the ongoing renal damage which occurs in most juvenile diabetics.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Urinary acidic glycohydrolases as an index of kidney damage in juvenile diabetes mellitus. 11 9

In order to investigate whether patients with long-standing juvenile diabetes mellitus (onset of diabetes before the age of 30) and a low daily insulin requirement (less than 0.50 units/kg body weight) still have functioning B-cells, plasma C-peptide was determined after stimulation (OGTT and glucagon/tolbutamide) in 64 patients with diabetes of more than 18 years' duration (mean 31 years). Measurable endogenous insulin production was found in 24% of the patients. The prevalence of severe retinopathy was lower in the secretors than in the non-secretor group. There was no difference in insulin antibody concentration between the two groups. Furthermore, the insulin requirement in the secretor group was relatively constant during the course of diabetes. Metabolic control was similar in both groups. It is concluded that a persisting but low activity of endogenous insulin production can be found in many long-term juvenile diabetics with a low insulin requirement, while others without any residual beta-cell function develop a low insulin requirement for unknown reasons.
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PMID:Persistent insulin secretion, assessed by plasma C-peptide estimation in long-term juvenile diabetics with a low insulin requirement. 35 94

Eight insulin-dependent non pregnant (IDD-NP), 10 insulin-dependent pregnant (IDD-P) and 9 pregnant control women were studied. During intravenous arginine challenge (ATT) there were lower glucose and higher glucagon plasma levels in the IDD-P when compared to the IDD-NP. IRG levels in response to ATT were also significantly higher in diabetic than in non diabetic control pregnant women. These results seem to indicate that pregnancy in diabetic women, in contrast to that observed in normal women, enhances glucagon secretion with impairment of the physiological mechanism of the facilitated anabolism present in normal pregnancy.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Influence of pregnancy on glucagon levels in insulin-dependent diabetic women. 39 52

In a series of studies in normal and type 1 diabetic subjects, we analysed the relationship between isotope-calculated leucine clearance and plasma leucine concentration. All studies were performed under euglycaemic conditions. Plasma leucine concentrations were either experimentally decreased by means of insulin infusion, or increased by means of exogenous amino acid infusion in the presence of hyperinsulinaemia. Leucine clearance rates were compared in normal and diabetic subjects at similar plasma insulin levels. The effect of hyperinsulinaemia was examined by measuring clearance rates in normal subjects at comparable leucine levels but different insulin concentrations. Our data show that leucine clearance is inversely related to leucine concentration, and that it is not independently stimulated by hyperinsulinaemia. Type 1 diabetes is not associated with decreased leucine clearance. A general equation relating leucine concentration and clearance is proposed. These data support the view that peripheral leucine utilization is not decreased in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Acta Diabetol 1992
PMID:Relationship between plasma leucine concentration and clearance in normal and type 1 diabetic subjects. 152 Sep 7

Alterations of lymphocyte subsets have been recently reported in pre-type 1 diabetes but the relation with other immunological markers, in particular islet cell antibodies (ICA), is still unknown. In the present study, we have investigated prospectively changes of lymphocyte subsets in 86 first-degree relatives of patients affected by type 1 diabetes and correlated such modifications with ICA titres. Among individuals with persistent ICA, 8 had ICA titres of more than 20 JDF units, 14 had ICA titres between 5 and 20 JDF units and 64 had ICA titres between 0 and 5 JDF units. First-degree relatives with ICA titres of more than 20 JDF units had significantly decreased proportions of CD3 cells. This reduction was predominantly in the CD4 subset, giving rise to a decreased CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Those with ICA titres between 5 and 20 JDF units showed abnormalities in both CD3 and CD4 lymphocytes, but not in CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Further characterization of the CD4 cell subset was performed using three other monoclonal antibodies, CD45RO (UCHL1), CD45RA and CD29, phenotyping memory T-cells, the inducer cells of suppressor function and helper-inducer cells, respectively. The proportions of total CD45RO and CD45RA were not significantly different among first-degree relative with distinct ICA titres in a cross-sectional study, whereas a trend towards a reduced proportion of CD4/CD45RA cells was observed. The longitudinal study demonstrated that individuals potentially susceptible to the development of type 1 diabetes and who possess high titres of ICA have impairment of CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio, mainly due to a reduction in the CD4 subset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acta Diabetol 1992
PMID:Early T-cell defects in pre-type 1 diabetes. 153 43

Type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease with destruction of beta-cells in islets of Langerhans by activated (antigen-positive) infiltrating mononuclear cells accompanied by serological immune phenomena. The pathological mechanism has not yet been clarified in detail, and some inversion in the proportion of epidermal antigen expression has recently been described in spontaneous diabetes. The BB rat is one of the animal models most closely resembling human type 1 diabetes of autoimmune origin. We compared the class I and class II antigen expression in the islets of Langerhans and in the skin of spontaneously diabetic (BBD) and normoglycaemic (BBND) BB rats in the prediabetic, diabetic and non-diabetic states. Class I and class II antigen expression increased significantly in the islets of BBD rats from prediabetes to diabetes and compared with non-diabetic controls. In the same period, the dermal antigen expression (class I and class II) did not decrease and was not lower in BBD than in BBND animals. These results do not support a loss of activated (antigen-positive) dermal cells at the onset of diabetes in the BB rat and do not show a clear correlation with the antigen expression in infiltrated islets of Langerhans.
Acta Diabetol 1992
PMID:A comparative study of antigen expression by skin and pancreas in the prediabetic and diabetic state of the BB rat. 157 58

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of islet allografts in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Six patients received human islets from either one or two donors via the portal vein, after (n = 4) or simultaneously with (n = 2) a kidney graft. The patients with functioning kidney grafts (nos. 1-4) were already on triple immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine A, azathioprine, prednisone). Prednisone was increased to 60 mg/day for 15 days after the islet transplant in patient 1. Patients 2-4 and the patients who underwent a simultaneous kidney-islets graft (nos. 5, 6) also received antilymphocyte globulin. Intravenous insulin was given for the first 15 days to maintain blood glucose concentrations within the normal range. Patient 1 rejected the islets within 15 days of islet transplantation. In patient 2, a 25% reduction in insulin requirement was observed and 12 months after transplantation post-prandial serum C-peptide was 1.5 ng/ml. In patient 3, the insulin requirement decreased from 40 to 8 units/day with a post-prandial serum C-peptide of 4.1 ng/ml 12 months after islet transplantation. In patient 4 the post-prandial secretion of C-peptide increased to 6.4 ng/ml. Six months after the islet infusion, insulin therapy was discontinued and HbA1c, 24-h metabolic profile and oral glucose tolerance test remained within the normal range. He had remained off insulin for 5 months until recently, when foot gangrene paralleled a worsening of post-prandial glycaemic control. Twelve months after transplantation he is receiving 8 units insulin/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acta Diabetol 1991
PMID:Fresh human islet transplantation to replace pancreatic endocrine function in type 1 diabetic patients. Report of six cases. 177 51

Anthropometric studies were carried out in three groups of diabetics seen in southern India, namely fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) (n = 49) (a subtype of malnutrition related diabetes), insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (n = 55) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (n = 104). Both FCPD and IDDM had significantly lower body mass index, skinfold thickness (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac), mid-arm circumference and fat mass compared to controls and NIDDM patients, (p less than 0.001 for all parameters). FCPD and IDDM males did not show any significant differences in any of the anthropometric parameters studied. Among the females, FCPD had lower triceps skinfold measurements (p = 0.007) and mid-arm circumferences (p less than 0.05) compared to IDDM patients. Patients with NIDDM did not show any significant difference compared to the control group. This study shows that both FCPD and IDDM patients have lower body mass and fat mass compared to NIDDM patients and control subjects.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Anthropometric studies in diabetes in the Tropics. 186 92

Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins (apo) were analysed in 30 young Arab IDDM and 50 young insulin-requiring NIDDM women. The mean age of IDDM and NIDDM groups was 20.2 and 34.5 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 5.7 and 4.6 years, respectively. Two groups of 40 and 60 healthy women (matched for age and BMI) provided corresponding control groups. In comparison with control subjects, diabetics showed marked increases in the following parameters: total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides, phospholipids, apoB, LDL apoB, glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as well as the ratios of total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol/high density lipoprotein 2 (HDL2) cholesterol and apoB/apoAI. Plasma LCAT activity, concentrations of HDL3 apoAI and apoAII in plasma and lipoprotein fractions were normal in both the diabetic groups. Levels of C-peptide, HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, plasma apoAI, HDL apoAI and HDL2 apoAI were markedly decreased in the diabetic groups as compared to their corresponding controls. There was no significant correlation between fasting glucose or HbA1c and any of the above parameters. Despite insulin therapy in both the diabetic groups studied, abnormalities in lipids, apoB and apoAI still persisted. Our data suggest a possible higher risk of atherosclerosis in these patients.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in insulin-dependent and young non-insulin-dependent Arab women. 186 93

The chronic effects of tolbutamide on myocardial contractility of the diabetic heart during ischemia and reperfusion were evaluated in perfused, isolated rat hearts. Five experimental groups were used: (1) control rats (C), (2) insulin dependent diabetic rats (IDDM, single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) in male Sprague-Dawley rats), (3) non insulin dependent diabetic rats (NIDDM; single subcutaneous injection of 90 mg/kg STZ in 5 day neonates), (4) tolbutamide-treated IDDM and (5) NIDDM (T-IDDM, T-NIDDM; giving tolbutamide 100 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks via an orogastric tube every day, respectively). At 14 weeks of age, experiments were performed using a Langendorff perfused heart preparation. After equilibration, T (myocardial developed tension), +dT/dt (contraction velocity), -dT/dt (relaxation velocity) and RT (resting tension) were measured during a 15 min period of global ischemia, followed by reperfusion for 20 min. Basal values of T increased in both T-IDDM and T-NIDDM, compared to IDDM and NIDDM, respectively. The percent recovery rate of +dT/dt in T-IDDM increased significantly during both ischemia and reperfusion, but the change in T-NIDDM was not significant. The recovery rates of -dT/dt in T-IDDM and T-NIDDM were significantly higher throughout reperfusion than in IDDM and NIDDM, respectively. On the other hand, that of T in T-IDDM and T-NIDDM were significantly higher than IDDM and NIDDM throughout ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. The RT was significantly higher in IDDM than in C and NIDDM throughout ischemia and reperfusion. The RT was significantly lower during ischemia in IDDM, but it did not differ significantly from IDDM during reperfusion. These results indicate that chronic oral administration of tolbutamide directly improved myocardial contractility throughout ischemia and reperfusion regardless of the improvement of glycemia. The improvement was also greater in IDDM than in NIDDM.
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PMID:Chronic effects of tolbutamide on myocardial tension during ischemia and reperfusion in perfused hearts isolated from insulin dependent and non insulin dependent diabetic rats. 192 Aug 21


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