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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum concentrations of prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid, magnesium, zinc and calcium were studied in 30 children with newly diagnosed IDDM aged 3-15 years, during the first two years of the disease, and in 44 healthy control children. On admission serum prealbumin was significantly lower in IDDM children (149 +/- 48 mg/l) (M +/- SD) than in healthy controls (194 +/- 39 mg/l) (p less than 0.001). During the two years follow-up prealbumin increased significantly, but did not reach the level of healthy controls. Serum albumin was slightly increased at diagnosis (p less than 0.01), but later decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). Orosomucoid concentrations did not differ between diabetics and controls. Serum magnesium was initially within the reference interval but later decreased, and after 2 years of IDDM it was highly significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). Serum zinc was significantly reduced in IDDM children at diagnosis (p less than 0.001), but was within the reference interval after one and 2 years. Serum calcium was increased in the IDDM group at diagnosis (p less than 0.01), but later normalized. It is concluded that in early IDDM there is a decrease in serum prealbumin and albumin, and serum magnesium decreases progressively, while serum zinc is only transiently reduced.
Acta Paediatr Scand 1988 Sep
PMID:Early changes of some serum proteins and metals in diabetic children. 305 55

The one advantage a physician has in designing a regimen to control glucose values in a patient with IDDM is that the physiologic mechanism underlying IDDM is homogeneous: All patients are deficient in insulin and tend to be responsive to physiologic amounts of exogenous insulin. Although patients with NIDDM are inherently more stable, the optimal therapy is less clear and physiologic abnormalities must be considered on a case-by-case basis. Maintaining a balance between food intake, exercise, emotions, hormonal changes, and insulin, however, is an ongoing challenge. Only a fraction of IDDM patients are able to achieve excellent control over a long period of time, but it is generally not possible to predict which patients will be able to achieve these goals. Physicians must be patient and persistent in helping patients adhere as closely as possible to a strict diabetic regimen. Psychological, social, and emotional factors must be considered at every visit. Concern over high glucose levels may cause physicians to overlook important emotional events or a family upset that is causing the patient to be less concerned about blood glucose values. If a patient is having trouble adhering to a regimen, the physician should do a complete history and physical examination, with an appropriate differential diagnosis to help address the broad scope of the problem. For most diabetic persons who administer insulin, split, mixed doses given several times throughout the day allow the patient to use a lower total dose and minimize risk of hypoglycemia while improving the potential for glucose control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compr Ther 1988 Sep
PMID:Meticulous glucose control in diabetic persons using insulin. 306 59

Increasing research into the remission phase of type I diabetes mellitus stresses the importance of a non-traumatic and reliable method for the evaluation of endogenous insulin production. We compared 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion (UCE) with plasma C-peptide values before and after stimulation with 1 mg glucagon in 24 type I diabetic children. Fasting plasma C-peptide values and stimulated plasma C-peptide values showed a linear correlation with 24 h UCE. Mean plasma C-peptide levels correlated inversely with the exogenous insulin dose. A slightly better correlation was found between the exogenous insulin dose and 24 h UCE. Control data of 24 h UCE were obtained from healthy siblings. A linear correlation with age was found up to 10 years of age above which UCE values seem to reach a plateau. This effect of age, as well as the frequency of sampling was taken into account in the derivation of 95% reference intervals for UCE. The measurement of 24 h UCE appears to be a useful parameter to assess endogenous insulin production in diabetic children, provided that age is taken into account.
Ann Clin Biochem 1988 Sep
PMID:Urinary C-peptide: a useful tool for evaluating the endogenous insulin reserve in cohort and longitudinal studies of diabetes in childhood. 306 47

In most studies the distribution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has been found to be altered. Lymphocyte subpopulations were therefore studied during longitudinal changes in the glycaemic control of 11 type 1 diabetics to investigate whether poor metabolic status affects these results. To avoid any influence of the etiopathogenetic mechanisms, the patients studied had a disease duration of 10 +/- 2 (SEM) years and all but one had no residual beta-cell function. The patients were selected randomly amongst those with a long record of poor glycaemic control and at the first examination they had a mean fasting blood glucose of 15 +/- 1 mmol/l and a mean glucosuria of 67 +/- 11 g/24 h. They were then hospitalized and strictly regulated using pump treatment, resulting in a massive reduction in glucosuria (0 +/- 0 g/24 h) and fasting blood glucose (6 +/- 1 mmol/l) at a second examination a week later. Five of the patients were tested for a third time 35 +/- 4 days later and were still in very good glycaemic control. Peripheral lymphocytes were labelled with monoclonal antibodies and examined by flow cytometry (FACS). Neither CD3+ (pan) T-lymphocytes, CD4+ (helper) T-cells, CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T-cells, the relation between CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, nor the total amount of lymphocytes, changed significantly between the first, second, and third examination. None of the results were significantly different from those of healthy controls. There was no correlation between any of the immunological and metabolic parameters. It is concluded that metabolic influence on the distribution of lymphocyte subsets is unlikely.
Diabetes Res 1988 Sep
PMID:Metabolic state does not influence lymphocyte subsets in type 1 diabetic patients. 307 40

Left ventricular function was evaluated noninvasively before and three months after starting insulin treatment in nine patients (mean age 61.8 years, range 51-68 years) with non-insulin dependent diabetes showing an impaired insulin secretion capacity. After starting insulin treatment, fasting blood glucose decreased from 12.9 +/- 0.5 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) to 9.8 +/- 1.2 mmol/l (p = 0.03), but the decrease of glycosylated haemoglobin Alc was not significant (9.0 +/- 0.4% vs. 8.3 +/- 0.6%). On systolic time intervals, PEP/LVET ratio improved from 0.44 +/- 0.03 to 0.37 +/- 0.02 (p = 0.03). On M-mode echocardiography, E-F slope became steeper (89 +/- 6 mm/sec vs. 103 +/- 8 mm/sec; p = 0.01) but no significant changes were observed in other variables reflecting diastolic or systolic function. On equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography, the left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was similar before and after starting insulin treatment (48.6 +/- 3.2% vs. 49.2 +/- 2.8%) but during peak exercise the left ventricular ejection fraction improved significantly (51.0 +/- 5.3% vs. 59.9 +/- 4.7%; p = 0.02). The change of PEP/LVET ratio correlated significantly with the changes of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin Alc levels, but the correlation between these metabolic variables and the change of left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the left ventricular function improved concomitantly with improved metabolic control after starting insulin treatment in middle-aged patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes having an impairment in insulin secretion capacity. This finding suggests that metabolic factors are involved in the left ventricular dysfunction observed in diabetes.
Diabetes Res 1988 Sep
PMID:Improvement of left ventricular function after starting insulin treatment in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 307 42

Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice provide a model for type 1 diabetes mellitus. We previously showed that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) can prevent and treat insulitis and overt diabetes in NOD mice. However, ABMT alone could not be used to treat overt diabetes in NOD mice whose islets had been completely destroyed. To provide insulin-producing cells, pancreatic tissue from newborn mice was grafted under the renal capsules in combination with ABMT. The aims of concomitant ABMT are as follows. (i) It induces immunological tolerance to the donor-type major histocompatibility complex determinants and permits the host to accept subsequent pancreatic allografts from the bone marrow donor. (ii) ABMT replaces abnormal stem cells with normal stem cells. After transplantation of bone marrow plus newborn pancreas, NOD mice showed reduction of the glycosuria and a normal response in the glucose-tolerance test. Immunohistological study revealed the presence of clustered insulin-containing beta cells in the grafted pancreatic transplants. ABMT may become a viable treatment of established type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987 Sep
PMID:Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice by transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow and pancreatic tissue. 311 51

In 97 patients with type I diabetes mellitus, 155 patients with type II diabetes mellitus, and two matched control groups, serum concentrations of laminin P1, a non-collagenous component of basement membranes, were determined by radioimmunoassay to see whether laminin P1 might be a valuable indicator of microangiopathic complications in diabetics. Independent of the type of diabetes, serum laminin concentrations in patients without nephropathy or with early renal damage as assessed by microalbuminuria were comparable with those of the control subjects. Patients with macroproteinuria or with renal insufficiency had significantly increased serum laminin P1 concentrations. Diabetic retinopathy was not found to influence serum laminin P1 concentrations. These data indicate that serum laminin P1 concentrations are increased in advanced diabetic nephropathy.
J Clin Pathol 1988 Sep
PMID:Serum concentrations of laminin P1 in diabetics with advanced nephropathy. 319 51

Haplotypes including HLA, Bf and C4 loci were analyzed in a material comprising 55 families with diabetic children. One hundred and ten haplotypes found in IDDM patients were compared with 101 haplotypes present only in healthy family members. Two complotypes, BfSC4A3B3 and SC4A0B1, were significantly more common (P less than 0.05) in the diabetic haplotypes, and these were in most cases found in haplotypic combinations with HLA-B15,Dw4,DR4 and HLA-B8,Dw3,DR3 genes, respectively. The B8/DR3 haplotype was better conserved, as 72% included the BfSC4A0B1 complotype as compared with only 35% of the B15/DR4 haplotypes with "high risk" C4A3B3 complement alleles (p less than 0.05). DR3 was found in 26% of the diabetic haplotypes and DR4 in 43%. DR4 associated with the Dw4 in 69% of cases and with Dw14 in 26% of the diabetic haplotypes. Our results confirm that the two phenotypes found earlier to be associated with IDDM in Northern Finland, e.g. "B15,BfS,C4A3B3,Dw4,DR4" and "B8,Bfs,C4A0B1,Dw3,DR3" are inherited as haplotypes.
Tissue Antigens 1988 Sep
PMID:Extended HLA haplotypes in families with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in northern Finland. 321 30

The process of autoaggression of the IDDM causes an "insulitis" leading to the destruction of the beta-cells. By photons (9 MV) in a total dose of 10 Gy, divided into 5 single doses at an interval of 2 days in each case we could get a total remission in 3 out of 4 diabetics, a partly remission in the fourth patient. The therapeutic effect lasts till now (1-6 months) without any further treatment. The combination of a radiation of 5 x 1 Gy with 1 mg methylprednisolon/kg body weight at the beginning of the treatment leads to a partly remission in 5 out of 7 patients lasting 3-7 months hitherto. Beside the antiinflammatory effect of the radiation on the "insulitis" an effect on the activated lymphocytes can be supposed. Side effects were not observed. They need not to be expected in a local therapy in a relatively small field size with a low radiation dose. Further research is necessary to confirm the results.
Exp Clin Endocrinol 1988 Sep
PMID:Remission of the newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes by radiation of the pancreas. 322 45

We measured insulin antibody binding in 2 groups of patients: Study 1, 32 children with newly diagnosed IDDM before onset of insulin therapy, and, in 20 of these, 10 days, 1, 3, and 6 months after beginning therapy; and Study 2, 35 children with long-standing IDDM, 20 of whom had free insulin concentrations measured before, and for 2 hours following subcutaneous injection of 0.25 U/kg regular insulin. Almost 35% of new onset subjects had insulin antibody binding above control levels. In those studied prospectively, binding increased significantly with time. Pre-treatment binding did not correlate with later insulin antibody binding nor metabolic control. In Study 1 we have confirmed previous studies showing abnormally high insulin antibody binding in children with IDDM pre-treatment. We have been unable to demonstrate a relationship between this binding and that found 6 months after initiation of therapy. In Study 2, we have shown that insulin antibody binding is not related to either the level of metabolic control or the rate of rise of free insulin levels in children with IDDM.
Clin Invest Med 1987 Sep
PMID:Factors affecting insulin antibody binding in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 331 69


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