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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are classified among the groups at risk for low vitamin status, and recent studies suggest that some degree of supplementation with antioxidants may be beneficial in helping to prevent certain long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to compare the status of the fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidant-related compounds in patients with well-defined insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with that of their first-degree relatives, controlling seasonal and analytical variability as factors influencing the interpretation of the data. 2. Fifty-four patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 214 non-diabetic, first-degree relatives (controls) and 236 unrelated controls were analysed for retinol, tocopherols (alpha and gamma) and main carotenoids in serum (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene) by means of a validated HPLC method. 3. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was associated with lower retinol levels and higher levels of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin than sex-matched, first-degree relatives. alpha-Tocopherol, the alpha-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio, gamma-tocopherol, lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene showed no differences. Retinol and beta-carotene were the variables most closely associated with diabetes. 4. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus showed lower serum retinol status together with higher concentrations of provitamin-A carotenoids. Serum fat-soluble antioxidant levels were greater than or equal to those in controls. According to the serum status observed, individuals with diabetes do not require supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or carotenoids, although the need for retinol supplementation in patients with marginal serum levels should be evaluated.
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PMID:Carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their immediate relatives. 953 28

Indirect biochemical techniques have solely been used to ascertain whether type 1 diabetes mellitus patients are more susceptible to resting and exercise-induced oxidative stress. To date there is no direct evidence to support the contention that type 1 diabetic patients have increased levels of free radical species. Thus, the aim of this study was to use electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in conjunction with alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) spin trapping to measure pre- and postexercise free radical concentration in the venous blood of young male patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (HbA(1c) = 8.2 +/- 1%, n = 12) and healthy matched controls (HbA(1c) = 5.5 +/- 0.2%, n = 13). Supporting measures of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides), ambient blood glucose and selected antioxidants were also measured. The diabetic patients presented with a comparatively greater concentration of free radicals as measured by ESR and lipid hydroperoxides (LH) compared to the healthy group (p <.05, pooled rest and exercise data), although there was no difference in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. alpha-Tocopherol was comparatively lower in the healthy group (p <.05, pooled rest and exercise data vs. diabetic group) due to a selective decrease during physical exercise (p <.05 vs. rest). The hyperfine coupling constants recorded from the ESR spectra (a(Nitrogen) = 1.37 mT and abeta(Hydrogen) = 0.17 mT) are suggestive of either oxygen or carbon-centered species and are consistent with literature values. We suggest that the greater concentration of oxidants seen in the diabetic group may be due to increased glucose autoxidation as a function of this pathology and/or a lower exercise-induced oxidation rate of the major lipid soluble antioxidant alpha-tocopherol. We suggest that the ESR-detected radicals are secondary species derived from decomposition of LH because these are the major initial reaction products of free radical attack on cell membranes.
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PMID:Exercise, free radicals, and lipid peroxidation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. 1244 12