Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glycated plasma proteins (GPP) and glycated hemoglobin (G Hb) has been evaluated in 134 non-diabetics (ND), 299 women with potential abnormality of glucose tolerance (pot.AGT), 75 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 34 insulin dependent diabetics (IDDM) during pregnancy or postpartum including 94 cord blood determinations. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly elevated in IDDM (6.6 +/- 1.3% M +/- SD) compared to ND (5.1 +/- 0.7%; P less than 0.01), but were similar for the other groups studied. Mean GPP were increased for the IDDM (0.58 +/- 0.29 nmol 5- HMF/mg protein; M +/- SD) and the IGT-group (0.53 +/- 0.22) over ND (0.3 +/- 0.13; P less than 0.01) and the Pot.AGT group (0.37 +/- 0.14; P less than 0.01). 6% of the ND, 15% of the Pot AGT-, 52% of the IGT- and 62% of the IDDM group were found to have GPP values exceeding the 97% confidential limit of the ND. However, the large overlap of individual values from patients with different degrees of glucose intolerance with the normal range of pregnancy precludes the use of GPP as a screening parameter for IGT during pregnancy. A 30-35% reduction of fetal hemoglobin- and plasma protein glycosylation relative to maternal values was observed.
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PMID:Glycated plasma proteins in normal and diabetic mothers and their offsprings. 346 46

Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in subjects with type 1 diabetes dramatically affects quality of life and morbidity and leads to premature death, but there is still little known about the mechanisms and predictors of this complication. In the present study, we explored the role of genetic variants of angiotensinogen (AGT, M235T), ACE (I/D), and angiotensin type 1 receptor (ATR1, A1166C) as predictors of rapid progression of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Five-hundred eighty-five type 1 diabetic patients and 592 similar age and sex control subjects were evaluated for progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of subclinical CAD, before and after a 2.5-year follow-up. In logistic regression analysis, CAC progression was dramatically more likely in type 1 diabetic subjects not treated with ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker who had the TT-ID-AA/AC genotype combination than in those with other genotypes (odds ratio 11.6 [95%CI 4.5-29.6], P < 0.0001) and was even stronger when adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors and the mean A1C (37.5 [3.6-388], P = 0.002). In conclusion, a combination of genotype variants of the renin-angiotensin system genes is a powerful determinant of subclinical progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetic patients and may partially explain accelerated CAD in type 1 diabetes.
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PMID:Polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system genes predict progression of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. 1759 5

This paper summarizes the new classification of diabetes mellitus (and other categories of glucose intolerance) and presents some clinically important aspects of the new insulins. The new classification promises to bring to the field considerable uniformity, previously lacking. The five clinical classes are: Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM), Type II (non-insulin-dependent, NIDDM), "other types", gestational diabetes (GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The two statistical risk classes are: previous abnormality of glucose tolerance (Prev AGT) and potential abnormality of glucose tolerance (Pot AGT). These are mutually exclusive classes. Criteria recommended for use by clinicians and researchers are presented in detail, as well as information on the oral glucose test and normal glucose tolerance. Particular attention is drawn to the differences in glucose metabolism (tolerance) characteristics in non-pregnant adults, children and pregnant females. The new insulins are so called because of increased purity achieved by new purification methods. They are not new formulations or types of insulin. Contamination of insulin preparations by other hormones or compounds (e.g. glucagon, pro-insulin, pancreatic polypeptide) is now at a very low level.
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PMID:Diabetes update. 2128 88

Urinary excretion of albumin (UAlb) is used clinically as a marker of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although DN was thought to be a unidirectional process, recent studies demonstrated that a large proportion of patients diagnosed with DN reverted to normoalbuminuria. Moreover, despite the normoalbuminuria, one-third of them exhibited reduced renal function even during the microalbuminuric stage. This study was performed to investigate whether urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) level may serve as a useful marker of the early stage of experimental type 1 diabetes (T1DM). T1DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Control mice were injected with citrate buffer. Two days after streptozotocin injection, half of the mice received continuous insulin treatment. Our data showed that UAlb excretion was increased 6 days after streptozotocin injection compared to controls, whereas UAGT excretion was increased at an earlier time point. These increases were reversed by insulin treatment. The UAGT to UAlb ratio was increased in diabetic mice compared to control mice. Furthermore, the increased AGT expression in the kidneys was observed in diabetic mice. These data suggest that UAGT might be useful as a novel early biomarker of activation of the renin-angiotensin system in experimental type 1 diabetes.
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PMID:Urinary angiotensinogen as a novel early biomarker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activation in experimental type 1 diabetes. 2285 Jun 12

(1) Aims: Diabesity, defined as diabetes occurring in the context of obesity, is a serious health problem that is associated with an increased risk of premature heart attack, stroke, and death. To date, a key challenge has been to understand the molecular pathways that play significant roles in diabesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic links between diabetes and obesity in diabetic individuals and highlight the role(s) of shared genes in individuals with diabesity. (2) Methods: The interactions between the genes were analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) tool after the compilation of obesity genes associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Cytoscape plugins were utilized for enrichment analysis. (3) Results: We identified 546 obesity genes that are associated with T1D, T2D, and MODY. The network backbone of the identified genes comprised 514 nodes and 4126 edges with an estimated clustering coefficient of 0.242. The Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) generated three clusters with a score of 33.61, 16.788, and 6.783, each. The highest-scoring nodes of the clusters were AGT, FGB, and LDLR genes. The genes from cluster 1 were enriched in FOXO-mediated transcription of oxidative stress, renin secretion, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. The cluster 2 genes enriched in Src homology 2 domain-containing (SHC)-related events triggered by IGF1R, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and GRB2: SOS produce a link to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling for integrins. The cluster 3 genes ere enriched in IGF1R signaling cascade and insulin signaling pathway. (4) Conclusion: This study presents a platform to discover potential targets for diabesity treatment and helps in understanding the molecular mechanism.
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PMID:Involvement of Essential Signaling Cascades and Analysis of Gene Networks in Diabesity. 3311 59