Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus confers an excess risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms involved in the development of the disease are an active field of research, and prompt the development of newer and safer therapeutics with implications for cardiovascular disease. Currently there is increasing awareness of the role of platelet dysfunction, low-grade chronic inflammation and thrombogenesis in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, T2DM, as well as type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This new evolving knowledge has allowed a better understanding of the role of aspirin, an old medication with proven beneficial effects on patients with established cardiovascular disease. The influence of salicylates on insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, platelet function and inflammatory pathways, in particular related to the activation of the NFkappaB pathway, is a promising field of active research, and will help in the management of both diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular disease.
Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2008 Feb
PMID:Aspirin and Diabetes Mellitus: revisiting an old player. 1912 6

Some GDM women show autoantibody positivity during and after pregnancy and pancreatic autoantibodies can appear for the first time in some patients after delivery. Autoantibody positivity is often accompanied by a high frequency of DR3 and DR4 alleles, which are classically related to the development of type 1 diabetes and, although not all studies agree on this point, by an immunological imbalance expressed by the behaviour of the lymphocyte subpopulation, which can be seen as diabetic anomalies overlapping with the immunological changes that occur during pregnancy. It is worth emphasizing that such patients may develop classical type 1 diabetes during and/or after their pregnancy or they may evolve, often some years after their pregnancy, into cases of latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA). Autoimmune GDM accounts for a relatively small number of cases (about 10% of all GDM) but the risk of these women developing type 1 diabetes or LADA is very high, so these patients must be identified in order to prevent the severe maternal and fetal complications of type 1 diabetes developing in pregnancy, or its acute onset afterwards. Since women with autoimmune GDM must be considered at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes in any of its clinical forms, these women should be regarded as future candidates for the immunomodulatory strategies used in type 1 diabetes.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009 Nov
PMID:Diabetes related autoimmunity in gestational diabetes mellitus: is it important? 1954 64

Several inflammatory cytokines are involved in vascular inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction which is the earliest event in the atherosclerotic process leading to manifest cardiovascular disease. YKL-40 is an inflammatory glycoprotein involved in endothelial dysfunction by promoting chemotaxis, cell attachment and migration, reorganization and tissue remodelling as a response to endothelial damage. YKL-40 protein expression is seen in macrophages and smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques with the highest expression seen in macrophages in the early lesion of atherosclerosis. Several studies demonstrate, that elevated serum YKL-levels are independently associated with the presence and extent of coronary artery disease and even higher YKL-40 levels are documented in patients with myocardial infarction. Moreover, elevated serum YKL-40 levels have also been found to be associated with all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality. Finally, YKL-40 levels are elevated both in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, known to be at high risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, when compared to non-diabetic persons. A positive association between elevated circulating YKL-40 levels and increasing levels of albuminuria have been described in patients with type 1 diabetes indicating a role of YKL-40 in the progressing vascular damage resulting in microvascular disease. This review describes the present knowledge about YKL-40 and discusses its relation to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and diabetes and look ahead on future perspectives of YKL-40 research.
Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009 Nov 23
PMID:YKL-40--an emerging biomarker in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. 1993 Jun 30

Survival from destruction of the mediastinal structures secondary to descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is very rare. We present a successfully treated case of tracheal perforation secondary to DNM. A 34-year-old man with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed as pharyngeal abscess and subsequent DNM affecting the anterior mediastinum and paratracheal space, was referred to our institute. The patient underwent cervico-mediastinal drainage for DNM. Nine days after the drainage operation, the membranous portion of the trachea perforated, resulting in life-threatening ventilation failure. The patient underwent closure of the fistula with the pedicled intercostal muscle flap under posterolateral thoracotomy with veno-venous extracorporeal membranous oxygenation support. Before complete recovery, open window thoracostomy was required to control residual air leak.
Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010 Mar
PMID:Life-threatening tracheal perforation secondary to descending necrotizing mediastinitis. 1995 71

Antiatherogenic and hypoglycemic effects of naringin are hereby investigated in type 1 diabetes. Wistar rats (n = 6) were treated daily with 1.0 mL of water (group 1), naringin (50 mg/kg) (groups 2 and 3, respectively), regular insulin (4 U/kg, subcutaneously, twice daily) (group 4), and simvastatin (20 mg/kg) (group 6). Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 exhibited polydipsia and hyperglycemia after injection with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Insulin, but not naringin, significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in nontreated diabetic rats (group 5) compared with control (group 1), whereas total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in naringin- and simvastatin-treated diabetic rats, respectively. Hepatic total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly elevated in nontreated diabetic compared with the control, naringin-, insulin-, and simvastatin-treated diabetic rats, respectively. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase and Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activities were significantly elevated in nontreated diabetic compared with the control, naringin-, and simvastatin-treated diabetic rats, respectively. However, plasma low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio was significantly higher in nontreated diabetic compared with the control, whereas naringin and simvastatin significantly reduced the ratio in diabetic rats. Naringin is not hypoglycemic but improves atherogenic index in type 1 diabetes.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012 Feb
PMID:Naringin ameliorates atherogenic dyslipidemia but not hyperglycemia in rats with type 1 diabetes. 2196 58

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most frequent cause of death in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), despite modern advances in glycemic control and CVD risk factor modification. CVD risk identification is essential in this high-risk population, yet remains poorly understood. This review discusses the risk factors for CVD in young people with T1D, including hyperglycemia, traditional CVD risk factors (dyslipidemia, smoking, physical activity, hypertension), as well as novel risk factors such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and hypoglycemia. We present evidence that adverse changes in cardiovascular function, arterial compliance, and atherosclerosis are present even during adolescence in people with T1D, highlighting the need for earlier intervention. The methods for investigating cardiovascular risk are discussed and reviewed. Finally, we discuss the observational studies and clinical trials which have thus far attempted to elucidate the best targets for early intervention in order to reduce the burden of CVD in people with T1D.
J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012 Aug
PMID:Cardiovascular disease risk in young people with type 1 diabetes. 2252 76

Despite improvements for management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), patients have difficulty achieving glycated hemoglobin (A1c) levels recommended by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Two multicenter randomized trials were conducted to evaluate benefit of using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) with standard glucose monitoring for T1D management. The primary study evaluated benefits of CGM in 322 patients with A1c >7.0%. The secondary study evaluated 129 patients with A1c <7.0%. In the primary study, CGM resulted in improvements in A1c at 6 m in subjects >25 years, but not those <25. However, all subjects using CGM regularly showed benefit. Improved A1c did not come with increased severe hypoglycemia as seen in the DCCT, and benefit was sustained over 1 year. In the secondary study, CGM use helped subjects maintain target A1c levels with reduced exposure to biochemical hypoglycemia. The data collected allowed for other analyses of important factors in T1D management.
J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012 Aug
PMID:The landmark JDRF continuous glucose monitoring randomized trials: a look back at the accumulated evidence. 2253 83

Several clinical studies have reported the use of cilostazol in addition to aspirin and thienopyridine (triple antiplatelet therapy, TAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) decreases clinical events. However, the efficacy and safety of TAPT have not been fully evaluated in Japan. The prospectively collected data from 12824 Japanese patients received PCI as part of the j-Cypher Registry were analyzed. We selected 10356 patients who exclusively received implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents (SES), and compared the data from 10128 patients who received dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin + thienopyridine, DAPT) with 228 patients who received TAPT at the time of discharge. Patients who received TAPT had more comorbidities, such as peripheral vascular disease, renal failure with hemodialysis or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and more patients received stenting for the left main trunk. The cardiovascular event rates at 3 years after PCI in the TAPT group were not significantly different from DAPT group, even after adjusted risks for cardiovascular events; all-cause death (7.8 vs. 6.7 %, log-rank p = 0.44, adjusted Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.88: 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.52-1.38, p = 0.61), myocardial infarction (1.7 vs. 2.4 %, log-rank p = 0.49 and HR 0.71: 95 % CI 0.20-1.57, p = 0.40), target legion revascularization (12.7 vs. 9.9 %, log-rank p = 0.11 and HR 1.05: 95 % CI 0.71-1.50, p = 0.91) and stroke (3.9 vs. 3.2 %, log-rank p = 0.52 and HR 1.09: 95 % CI 0.52-2.00, p = 0.80). In conclusion, TAPT after SES implantation was associated with similar long-term clinical outcomes as DAPT in Japanese real-world clinical practice, although we did not evaluate the bleeding outcome.
Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2012 Sep
PMID:The long-term efficacy of cilostazol in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for Japanese patients: an analysis of the 3-year follow-up outcomes from the j-Cypher registry. 2263 34

Long-term complications of type 1 diabetes, including nephropathy and retinopathy, share diabetes duration and hyperglycemia as major risk factors. Cross-sectional studies of sibpairs, both with type 1 diabetes, have shown familial clustering of specific complications, leading to the hypothesis that there are genetic contributors. However, because of the cross-sectional design of these studies, they were not able to account for the long-term effect of glycemia. Glycemia, measured by HbA1c, is correlated in sibs with type 1 diabetes. Recently, specific genetic loci that are associated with differences in HbA1c between people with type 1 diabetes have been convincingly identified, and they have also been shown to be associated with diabetic complications. This raises the question: how much of the familial clustering of diabetic complications is due to genes that influence risk without acting through the conventional risk factors? Implications for the design of genetic studies of diabetic complications are discussed.
J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012 Aug
PMID:Does familial clustering of risk factors for long-term diabetic complications leave any place for genes that act independently? 2272 68

Protein modifications and the accumulation of those proteins are implicated in a host of diseases from Parkinson's and Alzheimer's to both insulin independent and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Accumulation of irreversibly modified proteins occurs when the degradation rate of proteins is reduced or the rate of modification increases. Although the synthesis rates of individual proteins in vivo have been extensively studied the methodology to measure degradation rates of individual proteins in vivo remains to be well developed. However, the ability to measure the relative age of a particular protein pool in relation to the quality of the pool (amount of damage) is a recent advance. This brief review describes a novel methodology to simultaneously measure the synthesis rate of individual proteins along with the accumulation of oxidative damage to those proteins in vivo. The results of a recent investigation on individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus are described. Accelerated damage to de novo synthesized ApoA-1 is shown during short-term insulin cessation, which has potential clinical implications. Future implications of the novel method in diabetes and aging are also discussed.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013 Dec
PMID:Assessment of old and new proteins: a novel methodology. 2278 71


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