Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 27-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted to the Shimane Medical University Hospital because of secondary amenorrhea. She had been treated with insulin since July, 1986. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were controlled within normal limits. However, body weight gradually decreased and amenorrhea started in 1988. Physical examination revealed emaciation with BMI of 17.3. Basal levels of plasma T3, somatomedin C, LH, FSH and estradiol levels were low, whereas HGH levels were slightly elevated. Plasma LH markedly increased in response to LHRH administration. She was diagnosed as having weight loss-related hypothalamic amenorrhea. Induction of ovulation was not obtained with clomiphene citrate. Treatment with subcutaneous pulsatile administration of LHRH (20 micrograms every 120 min) resulted in an increase in plasma levels of LH, FSH and estradiol, which was accompanied by ovulation and corpus luteum formation. Further treatment with pulsatile LHRH administration was followed by conception. Two gestational sacs were detected by ultrasonography. One of them was absorbed at the early stage of pregnancy. She was delivered of one healthy female infant without complications. These findings suggest that it is important not only to control plasma glucose levels but to keep the appropriate weight and support the psychological aspects of the subject in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Subcutaneous pulsatile LHRH therapy may be effective for the induction of ovulation in clomiphene-resistant hypothalamic amenorrhea; however, it will be necessary to solve the problem of dosage and the interval of LHRH administration in the future.
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PMID:[A case of type 1 diabetes mellitus with hypothalamic amenorrhea: successful pregnancy following subcutaneous pulsatile administration of LHRH]. 158 22

Diabetes mellitus is uncommon in infancy and newborn period. The two common forms seen are the transient and permanent forms of diabetes mellitus of the newborn. They have to be differentiated from the transient hyperglycemic states (Blood sugar > 125 mg/dl) seen in newborns who receive parenteral glucose infusions and in those with septicemia and CNS disorders. Transient diabetes mellitus of the newborn (TDNB) is defined as hyperglycemia occurring within the first month of life lasting at least 2 weeks and requiring insulin therapy. Most of these cases resolve spontaneously by 4 months. It has a reported incidence of 1 in 45,000 to 60,000 live births. The most likely etiology is a maturational delay of cAMP mediated insulin release. The clinical features include small for datedness, proneness for birth asphyxia, open-eye alert facies, dehydration, emaciation, polyuria and poydipsia. These children are prone to septicemia and urinary tract infections. They have hyperglycemia, glucosuria, absent or mild ketonuria, low basal insulin, C-peptide and IGF-1 levels. Treatment consists of hydration and judicious administration of insulin with close monitoring. Thirty percent of these children are likely to develop permanent neonatal diabetes. Compared to transient form, permanent diabetes mellitus is uncommon. It is usually due to pancreatic dysgenesis often associated with other malformations and rarely due to type 1 diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis is based on the demonstration of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic dysfunction. These children are managed as type 1 diabetes mellitus. They are prone to develop the vascular complications of diabetes at an earlier date.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in newborns and infants. 1093 65