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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The counterregulatory hormone responses to semisynthetic human insulin and purified porcine insulin were compared in 20 healthy volunteers (ten men and ten women) and 16 patients (8 men and 8 women) with type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In both groups blood glucose fell to similar levels following insulin administration; no difference in counterregulatory hormone response or hypoglycemic awareness was noted when comparing human to porcine insulin. However, when men were compared to women, significant differences were noted in basal glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone levels, as well as in norepinephrine, prolactin, and cortisol responses to hypoglycemia. These differences could not be attributed to insulin species, different doses of insulin, or degree of hypoglycemia. These findings suggest that hormonal response to and awareness of hypoglycemia are similar in healthy subjects and patients with IDDM following administration of human and porcine insulin and that hormonal responses in men and women should be studied separately to avoid confusion in interpreting results arising from differences in sex.
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PMID:Comparison of the counterregulatory hormone response to semisynthetic human insulin and purified porcine insulin in normal subjects and patients with type I diabetes mellitus. 179 19

A study was made of semen quality and serum hormonal profiles (FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone) of patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Semen parameters and levels of prolactin and testosterone were significantly altered in the diabetic state. The concentration of insulin in serum and seminal plasma and the serum levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone were measured in 80 men classified in the following groups: fertile subjects, infertile normoglycemic subjects, subjects with carbohydrate intolerance, and excretory and secretory azoospermic subjects. In all groups, seminal insulin concentrations were higher than those obtained in serum. The hormone appears to freely cross the blood-testis barrier, there to be concentrated in the semen. The levels of insulin in serum and seminal plasma did not correlate with semen parameters and are not suitable markers of seminal quality. For unknown reasons, the concentrations of insulin in seminal plasma were lower in the subjects suffering from carbohydrate intolerance.
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PMID:Semen characteristics and diabetes mellitus: significance of insulin in male infertility. 190 30

The ability of insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) women to breast-feed has been documented, however, there is little information concerning milk composition or factors that influence successful breastfeeding. Placental lactogen and prolactin levels can be normalized during pregnancy with good metabolic control. These hormones affect the readiness of the mammary gland for lactation. Prolactin maintains mammary gland insulin receptors to ensure anabolism. Lactation in IDDM women may be influenced by hyper- or hypoglycemia as women balance their insulin needs. Milk from diabetic animals has decreased lactose, fat, protein and volume and these effects can be reversed with insulin administration. Mature breast milk of IDDM women has increased glucose and sodium and mammary gland lipid metabolism may be impaired. Milk lactose and citrate, markers of lactogenesis II, suggest delayed lactation occurs in diabetic women. Many factors may influence lactation success and breast milk composition of IDDM women. Some of these include: method of delivery, feeding frequency, fetal condition, gestational age, mastitis incidence, metabolic control and maternal dietary intake. Lactation management of the IDDM woman must address these factors.
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PMID:Lactation in insulin-dependent diabetes. 209 Oct 54

We have recently obtained encouraging short-term results after a single subcutaneous injection of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 in acromegalic patients. Increased growth hormone (GH) levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative retinopathy in type I diabetes mellitus. In this study we thus investigated the effect of 3 X 50 micrograms SMS 201-995 daily on the metabolic control and hormone secretion of eight type I diabetics over a 3-day period. GH levels decreased by 32% (p less than 0.05) and somatomedin C levels by 31% (p less than 0.01) on the 3rd day of treatment compared with a control day. The insulin requirements during conventional subcutaneous insulin therapy were reduced by 28% (p less than 0.01) in seven patients without deterioration of metabolic control (mean blood glucose levels, 153.8) versus 154.7 mg/dl). Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, glucagon, prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone showed no significant changes. We conclude that SMS 201-995 could be an excellent tool for further clinical investigation and therapy of diabetic vascular complications.
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PMID:Somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 in type I diabetes mellitus. Initial experience after repeated administration. 287 2

Autoantibodies for anterior pituitary cell surface membrane (PitCSA) were assayed by immunofluorescence method using GH3 cells (rat GH and prolactin secreting cell) and AtT-20 cells (mouse adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell) as antigens. Out of 18 insulin dependent diabetic patients who were positive for antibodies to islet cell surface membrane (ICSA), 3 cases (16.7%) were positive for antibodies to GH3 cells and 12 cases (66.7%) were positive for antibodies to AtT-20 cells. Moreover, out of 18 insulin dependent diabetic patients who were negative for ICSA, 2 (11.1%) and 6 cases (33.3%) were positive for antibodies to GH3 cells and AtT-20 cells, respectively. Among 5 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficient patients, all of the sera were positive for antibodies to AtT-20 cells. These results suggested that PitCSA and ICSA have independent features, though both are closely related, and that PitCSA was one of the significant immunological markers often observed in the sera of the patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and ACTH deficiency.
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PMID:Detection of antibodies to anterior pituitary cell surface membrane with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency. 303 74

Hormonal studies of pituitary-testicular function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were examined at rest and during moderate exercise to assess whether diabetes per se caused abnormalities of nocturnal penile tumescence and androgen function in men with normal sexual function. The present study compared 10 healthy men and eight men with Type I diabetes mellitus in whom normal sexual function was determined by clinical history. Urinary gonadotropin excretion, semen analysis and diurnal variation of serum glucose, prolactin, testosterone and free testosterone were determined in both groups. In addition, the serum levels of testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured at rest, during 45 minutes of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 50% of the subjects previously determined maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and during a 30-minute recovery period. Nocturnal penile tumescence and parameters of semen analysis were similar in both groups. Urinary FSH excretion and serum FSH were higher (P less than or equal to 0.01) in the diabetic subjects while urinary LH excretion was similar. Diurnal variation of serum prolactin, testosterone and free testosterone were similar in both groups. Exercise produced a significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) increase in maximal free and total testosterone in both groups without changes in serum FSH or LH. Prolactin increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) during exercise in the diabetic group only. We conclude that, for the most part, the pituitary-testicular axis and nocturnal penile tumescence under basal conditions and the pituitary-testicular axis during moderate exercise are similar in healthy males and insulin-dependent diabetic males with normal sexual function.
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PMID:The pituitary-testicular axis at rest and during moderate exercise in males with diabetes mellitus and normal sexual function. 313 19

17 patients with active acromegaly (7 of them had diabetes mellitus, too), 13 patients with type I diabetes mellitus and 20 healthy controls were examined. The residual beta-cell secretion was determined by venous Tolbutamide test and the insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic clamp-technique. A positive correlation was found between the growth hormone level and prolactin and the size of the basic insulin secretion. In acromegaly (with or without diabetes) the sensitivity of beta-cell apparatus towards the stimulant Tolbutamide is preserved but the insulin reserves are diminished. There exists a positive correlation between the growth hormone level and the degree of insulin resistance and between the increased prolactin level and the degree of insulin resistance in acromegalic patients.
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PMID:[Insulin secretion and action in acromegaly]. 332 80

The basal and TRH-induced prolactin (PRL) and TSH secretions were examined in 14 children aged 4 to 13 years with newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes (IDD) within three weeks after diagnosis. Basal PRL levels did not differ from the values of control. In response to TRH, 6 out of 14 patients showed an exaggerated PRL response and 8 a normal PRL response. The basal and TRH-induced TSH secretions were normal, while plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.02) lower in patients than in controls. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of children with newly diagnosed IDD has an exaggerated PRL response to TRH, and TSH secretion remains unchanged despite significant decreases of circulating thyroid hormone levels.
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PMID:Plasma prolactin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in children with newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes. 640 63

Four cases of polyglandular endocrine disorders associated with pituitary hormone secretion failure are reported. Three of them had both insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and Hashimoto's disease. Each of these patients (cases 1-3) showed isolated deficiency of ACTH, TSH or gonadotropin, respectively. Another patient (case 4) had both Hashimoto's disease and isolated ACTH deficiency. Anti-pituitary antibody to AtT-20 cells was detected in case 1. Serum gamma-globulins from patients 1 and 4 attenuated corticotropin releasing hormone-induced ACTH release in monolayer cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Gamma-globulins from patients 1 and 2 decreased baseline TSH release but stimulated baseline prolactin release in pituitary cell cultures. It is possible that pituitary hormone deficiency in these patients may be caused by autoimmune disorders.
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PMID:Four patients with polyendocrinopathy with associated pituitary hormone deficiency. 753 23

Disturbances of prolactin secretion occur both in the chronic renal failure and in diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to investigate if the diabetic nephropathy as a cause of chronic renal failure disturbs prolactin secretion. The study was conducted in 5 groups of patients: group I-12 patients with IDDM without diabetic nephropathy; group II-12 patients with IDDM with diabetic nephropathy treated conservatively; group III-16 patients with chronic renal failure of non-diabetic origin; group IV-12 patients with IDDM with end stage renal failure in the course of diabetic nephropathy treated with haemodialysis; group V-16 patients with end stage renal failure of non diabetic origin treated with haemodialysis. 12 healthy subjects served as the control group. In all investigated groups as well as in the control group the TRH test was performed. The mean serum prolactin concentration was estimated in the investigated groups just before the intravenous TRH injection and then after 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 minutes. The mean area over the basic value (AOBV) of prolactin was also assessed. The patients with IDDM without diabetic nephropathy did not differ from healthy subjects both in the basic and TRH induced prolactin secretion. Basic and TRH induced prolactin secretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy both conservatively treated and treated with haemodialysis were lower than in patients with the same stage of chronic renal failure of non-diabetic origin.
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PMID:[Prolactin secretion in diabetic nephropathy of patients with diabetes mellitus type I (IDDM)]. 867 6


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