Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The glucagon response to insulin hypoglycaemia is frequently reduced in patients with IDDM. In the present study arginine infusion, thought to act directly on the islet cells, was used to stimulate somatostatin (SRIF) and glucagon in IDDM without residual B-cell function. Thirteen IDDM patients' were compared with 13 sex- and age matched normal controls following an arginine infusion. The plasma SRIF concentrations in the 'IDDM group' and normal controls increased from 24.2 +/- 2.5 to 31.1 +/- 3.9 pmol/l (P less than 0.01) and 19.7 +/- 1.7 to 23.9 +/- 3.4 pmol/l respectively after 10 min (P less than 0.01). The plasma glucagon concentrations increased from 27 +/- 4.7 to 176 +/- 23.1 pmol/l (P less than 0.01) and 36 +/- 5.0 to 302 +/- 31.9 pmol/l (P less than 0.01) respectively after 20 min. Thus, in long standing IDDM without residual B-cell function, increased plasma SRIF concentrations are found and the glucagon response to arginine is reduced. The last observation further explains why these patients are especially vulnerable to hypoglycaemia.
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PMID:Increased peripheral venous somatostatin concentration and decreased glucagon response to arginine in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus without residual B-cell function. Increased plasma SRIF in IDDM. 286 13

To further study the elevated plasma somatostatin (SRIF)--and reduced plasma glucagon concentrations found in IDDM patients without residual B-cell function compared to normal controls, we investigated 39 such patients, randomly assigned to three different insulin treatment regimens; conventional therapy with two injections a day (CTh), insulin pump (CSII) and multiple injections (MI), for 1 year. They were given an arginine infusion (0.5 g/kg/20 min). The mean basal plasma SRIF values in the CTh, CSII and MI groups were 20.8 +/- 3.3, 18.6 +/- 1.8 and 20.6 +/- 2.8 pmol/l and the mean basal plasma glucagon values were 30 +/- 5.7, 19 +/- 2.3 and 27 +/- 4.7 pmol/l, respectively. Both SRIF and glucagon increased in all groups in relation to arginine infusion. For both hormones, the mean values were highest in the CTh group, lowest in the CSII group, although the differences were not significant. The mean HbA1 values for the last 3 months within the test were 10.0 +/- 0.5, 8.8 +/- 0.3 and 9.1 +/- 0.5%, respectively, in the same order as above. The CTh group had significantly higher HbA1 values than the CSII group (p less than 0.02). We conclude that small differences in long-term blood glucose control are of inconsiderable importance for the islet hormonal response to arginine found in IDDM without B-cell function.
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PMID:Plasma somatostatin and plasma glucagon in long-term IDDM without residual B-cell function. No effect of different long-term metabolic control. 287 90

An insulin-producing cell line, Clone-16, of hamster origin, was characterized for islet hormone production and for reactivity with islet cell surface (ICSA) and islet cell cytoplasmic (ICA) antibodies in sera from children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The Clone-16 cells have a doubling time of about 50-60 hr. The cells produced 63 +/- 3 ng (mean +/- SD) immunoreactive insulin and 9.4 +/- 0.3 ng immunoreactive glucagon per day per 10(6) cells, while somatostatin (SRIF) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were undetectable. The reactivity with autoantibodies in IDDM sera was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence or 125I-protein A binding assay on intact cells to detect islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) or on frozen sections of cell pellets to detect islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICCA) by indirect immunofluorescence. Although the proportion of the ICSA-positive Clone-16 cells compared favorably with rat islet cells (r = 0.81; p less than 0.01), we found 5/10 IDDM sera to be positive on rat islet cells but 8/10 on the Clone-16 cells. There was also a good correlation in the 125I-protein A binding assay between mouse islet cells and Clone-16 cells (r = 0.91; p less than 0.01). Frozen sections of Clone-16 cells showed a cytoplasmic immunofluorescence in 8/10 of the IDDM sera and this reaction parallelled the results obtained in the standard indirect immunofluorescence assay with a frozen section of human blood group O pancreas. We conclude that the insulin- and glucagon-producing Clone-16 cells are a useful cell line for detecting islet cell autoantibodies.
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PMID:Detection of islet cell autoantibodies in newly diagnosed diabetic patients using insulin-producing Syrian hamster cells. 330 Nov 57

Addition of diet fiber to meals is reported to result in significant reduction of postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients as well as in normal subjects. In the present study effect of guar intake (12 g) on plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) was studied in non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) and in insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) to see if somatostatin plays a role in reducing postprandial glucose. In 6 of 7 normal controls plasma SRIF-LI increased and reached a maximum at 30 min after guar intake. In 5 of 7 NIDDM patients SRIF-LI reached a maximum at 90 min after guar intake, while in five IDDM patients SRIF-LI significantly decreased through 120 min after guar intake. These results suggest the possibility that guar induced somatostatin secretion contributes to reduction of postprandial glucose levels at least in NIDDM patients as well as in normal subjects, for somatostatin is reported to inhibit glucose uptake from gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Effect of guar intake on plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in diabetic patients. 613 60

To study the role of somatostatin in the pathophysiology of glucose intolerance in man, plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) was measured in 8 normal subjects, 6 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 13 with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and 9 with hyperthyroidism, by extraction of plasma SLI and radioimmunoassay. The extraction method gave a recovery rate for synthetic somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 of 72 +/- 6 and 55 +/- 7%, respectively. No SLI corresponding to somatostatin-28 in human peripheral blood was observed. Incubation of somatostatin-28 in plasma gave a rapid decrease of immunoreactivity, and no conversion to somatostatin-14 was observed. It is speculated that SLI extracted with acid-acetone mainly represents a molecular weight similar to somatostatin-14. After oral administration of glucose (75 g), a clear and sustained rise in plasma SLI was seen in normal subjects from an initial value (+/- SEM) of 29.9 +/- 5.4 pg/ml to a peak value, at 60 min of 93.4 +/- 15.5 pg/ml. The increase of plasma SLI after 75 g glucose was also observed in IDDM and NIDDM. The peak level of SLI was significantly less than that for normal subjects. The extraction of plasma SLI with acetic acid and acetone gave reproducible results and showed a fluctuation of SLI with glucose concentration.
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PMID:Response of plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in normal subjects and patients with impaired glucose tolerance. 614 Aug 6