Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) has emerged as a serious health consideration given the increases in the prevalence of many immune-based childhood diseases and conditions, including allergic diseases and asthma, recurrent otitis media, pediatric celiac disease, and type 1 diabetes. As a result, the use of DIT testing to identify potential environmental risk factors contributing to these and other diseases has become a higher priority. This introductory chapter considers: (1) the basis for an increased and earlier use of DIT testing in safety evaluations and (2) the general features of DIT testing strategies designed to reduce health risks.
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PMID:Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT): the why, when, and how of DIT testing. 1996 3

The developing immune system is among the most sensitive targets for environmental insult and risk of chronic disease including cancer. Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT)-associated health risks include not only pediatric diseases like childhood asthma and type 1 diabetes, but also multi-disease "patterns" of conditions linked to the initial immune dysfunction. DIT contributes to ever-increasing health care costs, increasing reliance on drugs and reduced quality of life. Drug discovery efforts using cutting-edge immunology produce effective tools for management of allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; in stark contrast, required immunotoxicity testing clings to an outdated understanding of the immune system and its relationship to disease. As currently required, immune safety evaluation of drugs and chemicals lacks the capability of protecting against the most prevalent pediatric immune dysfunction-based diseases. For this reason, mandatory and relevant DIT testing is needed for all drugs and chemicals where pregnant women and children are at risk.
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PMID:Role of developmental immunotoxicity and immune dysfunction in chronic disease and cancer. 2085 96

Immune-based childhood diseases and conditions, including allergic diseases and asthma, recurrent otitis media, pediatric celiac disease, and type 1 diabetes have been on the rise over the past decades. As a result, the use of developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) testing to identify potential environmental risk factors contributing to these and other diseases has become a priority for scientists across sectors. This chapter serves to provide insight into the scientific basis for DIT and determining the necessity of DIT testing and offers recommendations for DIT testing parameters to optimize sensitivity, power, and concordance among DIT assays.
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PMID:Developmental Immunotoxicity (DIT) Testing: Current Recommendations and the Future of DIT Testing. 2988 32