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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the recently reported relationship between serum fructosamine and IgA concentrations appears to throw doubt on the clinical utility of fructosamine as a measure of hyperglycemic status if IgA concentration is not taken into account, we studied serum immunoglobulin concentrations in 169 diabetics and their relationship with various clinical and analytical parameters. Over 41% of the patients studied had abnormal serum IgA concentrations. Serum IgA concentration was negatively correlated with serum albumin, and among IDDM patients was positively correlated with age (so that the prevalence of abnormal IgA was 57.7% among IDDM patients aged over 30 years). Among NIDDM patients, abnormal IgA concentrations were especially prevalent among those being treated with oral hypoglycemics. Abnormal IgA was also more frequently found in both IDDM and NIDDM patients, who had been under treatment for 10 years or more. Abnormal IgG concentrations were found in 11.8% of the diabetics, and the mean IgM concentration found in the patients was 41.6% lower than in the normoglycemic group. We conclude that abnormal serum IgA concentrations are very common in diabetic patients and that further research should be carried out to verify whether the determination of serum immunoglobulins, IgA in particular, is of clinical use for monitoring diabetes or evaluating its secondary effects.
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PMID:Abnormal serum immunoglobulin concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus. 177 77

To determine the effectiveness of dietary protein restriction on proteinuria in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), 14 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy were placed on either a low protein diet (N = 7) or conventional protein diet (N = 7) for one month. After the study period, daily urinary protein excretion rates decreased significantly, from 3.2 +/- 0.4 to 1.9 +/- 0.4 g/day, and serum albumin levels increased from 3.3 +/- 0.2 to 3.7 +/- 0.5 g/dl only in the low protein diet group, without any significant changes in either serum creatinine levels or creatinine clearance. These findings suggest that dietary protein restriction has a beneficial role in the treatment of NIDDM patients with overt nephropathy.
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PMID:Effect of dietary protein restriction on proteinuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy. 182 Apr 50

In 93 adolescent and young adult patients with type 1 diabetes (163 paired comparisons) changes in fructosamine concentration correlated poorly with changes in HbA1 (r = 0.53); this correlation was no better if fructosamine values were adjusted for serum albumin by calculating a fructosamine/albumin index, F.A.I. (155 pairs, r = 0.50). These correlation coefficients were lower than those for cross-sectional comparisons (HbA1 vs. fructosamine, r = 0.74; HbA1 vs. F.A.I., r = 0.80). One-way analysis of variance showed that values of HbA1, fructosamine and F.A.I. all tended to increase as glycaemic control, judged by the clinician, worsened (P less than 0.001). HbA1 correlated better with clinical assessment than did either uncorrected fructosamine or F.A.I. We conclude that changes in fructosamine from one clinic visit to the next do not provide a basis for changing therapy. Clinical assessments tend to agree with values for HbA1, which may be more reliable than fructosamine because of its longer biological half life.
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PMID:Longitudinal changes in serum fructosamine do not parallel those in glycated haemoglobin in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes. 207 35

The present study was undertaken to compare the changes in islet cell antibodies (ICA), islet cell surface antibodies using rat insulinoma cells (RINr-ICSA), and anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies (BSA-Ab) in the clinical course of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Sera were obtained from 57 patients with type 1 diabetes and 47 normal controls. ICA, RINr-ICSA and BSA-Ab were detected by an enzymatic immunohistochemical method, an indirect immunofluorescence method and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The incidence of ICA significantly decreased with the duration of diabetes: less than 1 year: 5/6 (83%); 1-2 years: 3/6 (50%); 2-3 years; 2/6 (33%); greater than 3 years 6/39 (15%). There was a significant positive correlation between RINr-ICSA and BSA-Ab (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that RINr-ICSA or BSA-Ab may be produced by some similar immune mechanism which is, however, different from ICA, and that they have no direct relation to the clinical course of diabetes.
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PMID:Comparison of islet cell antibodies, islet cell surface antibodies and anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies in type 1 diabetes. 222 20

Western blotting of either a cloned rat beta-islet tumour cell extract or isolated BB rat islets with rat anti-bovine serum albumin antiserum revealed a cross-reacting protein (Mr = 69,000). A protein of similar molecular size was observed by fluorography in proteins immunoprecipitated from islet cells labelled with (35S)-methionine using anti-bovine serum albumin antiserum. In comparing the primary structure of the beta subunits of the proteins Ia, DQ and DR a region of homology with bovine serum albumin became evident. Analysis of the amino-acid homology in relation to the DR/DQ allotypes found in the human population gave a strong correlation between the combined DR and DQ homology score with bovine serum albumin and the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Could bovine serum albumin be the initiating antigen ultimately responsible for the development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? 255 21

The paper is devoted to a study of the role of serum glycoprotein fructosamine and serum albumin in the pathogenesis of a severe course of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children. Fructosamine was determined in 43 pediatric patients with IDDM by direct spectrophotometry using Hoffman-La-Roche kits; albumin, C-peptide and malonic aldehyde were also determined. Disorder of the mechanism of regulation of homeostasis by albumin was shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a severe course of IDDM in children. It could be caused by its enhanced glycosylation and a decrease in liver synthesis in some cases as a result of considerable reduction of insulin secretion. A prognostically unfavorable sign was a raised ratio of fructosamine to albumin and enhanced lipid peroxidation against a background of low insulin secretion. The determination of serum levels of fructosamine and albumin can be a valuable diagnostic criterion in examination of children with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of the determination of serum fructosamine and albumin in children with diabetes mellitus]. 271 69

Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) ingestion of particles coated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli was compared to other PMN functions in seven patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) during short-term controlled metabolic changes from normo- to hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis. Factors known to interfere with PMN functions were excluded. PMN ingestion of particles coated with both LPS and bovine serum albumin became reduced from normo- to hyperglycemia. PMN motility was impaired in IDDM, but did not seem to be affected by short-term changes in metabolic control. PMN metabolism did not change from normo-to hyperglycemia. Particle-uptake by diabetic PMN is impaired after short term hyperglycemia in the range normally occurring in diabetics in every-day life.
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PMID:Polymorphonuclear leucocyte dysfunction during short term metabolic changes from normo- to hyperglycemia in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients. 284 45

Serum concentrations of prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid, magnesium, zinc and calcium were studied in 30 children with newly diagnosed IDDM aged 3-15 years, during the first two years of the disease, and in 44 healthy control children. On admission serum prealbumin was significantly lower in IDDM children (149 +/- 48 mg/l) (M +/- SD) than in healthy controls (194 +/- 39 mg/l) (p less than 0.001). During the two years follow-up prealbumin increased significantly, but did not reach the level of healthy controls. Serum albumin was slightly increased at diagnosis (p less than 0.01), but later decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). Orosomucoid concentrations did not differ between diabetics and controls. Serum magnesium was initially within the reference interval but later decreased, and after 2 years of IDDM it was highly significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). Serum zinc was significantly reduced in IDDM children at diagnosis (p less than 0.001), but was within the reference interval after one and 2 years. Serum calcium was increased in the IDDM group at diagnosis (p less than 0.01), but later normalized. It is concluded that in early IDDM there is a decrease in serum prealbumin and albumin, and serum magnesium decreases progressively, while serum zinc is only transiently reduced.
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PMID:Early changes of some serum proteins and metals in diabetic children. 305 55

There is a recognized need for the early detection of gestational diabetes, and a single blood test, if reliable, would be advantageous. Because serum albumin and total protein are glycosylated and have short life spans, we investigated the usefulness of glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein in the detection of gestational diabetes. We studied five groups, each with 20 subjects: nonpregnant and pregnant controls, nonpregnant and pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients, and gestational diabetic patients. All patients with no history of diabetes had an oral glucose tolerance test to define their carbohydrate status. Our results showed that percent glycosylated albumin and percent glycosylated protein were significantly elevated in both groups of IDDM patients compared with the other groups. However, gestational diabetic patients had glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein values similar to those of both control groups. Both glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein correlated well with HbA1c determinations. Thus, glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein may be a good index of glycemic control, but they are of little value in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes because of a lack of sensitivity: 8 and 3% for glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein, respectively.
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PMID:Assessment of value of glycosylated albumin and protein in detection of gestational diabetes. 358 81

Serological findings have suggested that antibodies (Ab) to bovine serum albumin (BSA-Ab) are associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate a competitive fluid-phase radioimmunoassay for detecting BSA-Ab using different incubation times and to study a possible association of these BSA-antibodies with autoantibodies (AAb) frequently detected in type 1 diabetic patients. For the overnight incubation time, there was an enormous overlap in the [125I]BSA binding by serum samples between 52 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients (mean [125I]BSA binding 23.6 +/- 17.4%) and 54 healthy blood donors (mean [125I]BSA binding 10.2 +/- 15.7%). By an incubation time of only 3 min the BSA-antibody prevalence was found to be 15.4% (8/52) for type 1 diabetic patients and 3.7% (2/54) for control subjects. However, there was no association between BSA-Ab and type 1 diabetes-associated antibodies as cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICA), or glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies. Our results confirm that (i) BSA-Ab occur more frequently in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients compared with a healthy control group and (ii) that the BSA-Ab detected by the fluid-phase radioimmunoassay with an incubation time of 3 min are more disease-associated than the [125I]BSA binding after an overnight incubation. The competitive BSA-Ab fluid-phase radioimmunoassay described is a simple and rapid method to detect antibodies specifically reactive with BSA. It is suggested that the humoral immune reactivity to BSA in type 1 diabetic patients probably reflects an unspecific defect of the immune system and gives no additionally diagnostic value about the type 1 diabetes.
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PMID:No association between anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies and islet cell reactive antibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients. 787 48


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