Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face an array of difficulties during puberty which tend to be more significant in females. Excessive weight and fat mass gain, deterioration of metabolic control, loss of height gain and delays in pubertal development may complicate adolescence in girls with T1DM. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypoestrogenism, menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovaries and early menopause have also been described in T1DM women. In spite of the beneficial effects of estrogen with regard to insulin action and secretion in healthy women, it is striking that women with T1DM seem to lose these beneficial metabolic effects of estrogen. Some of the problems observed in T1DM women may in part be due to the relationship between decreased estrogen levels and insulin action. This article reviews the effects of estrogen on insulin sensitivity and secretion in non-diabetic women, as well as estrogen physiology in T1DM women.
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PMID:Estrogen and type 1 diabetes mellitus. 1920 9

It has recently been demonstrated that > or = one-third of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus have low testosterone concentrations associated with inappropriately low luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity but not duration of diabetes, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, or the presence of microvascular complications of diabetes. Recent data show that hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is also observed frequently in nondiabetics with the metabolic syndrome or obesity, but it is not associated with type 1 diabetes. Low testosterone concentrations in men with type 2 diabetes have also been related to a higher C-reactive protein concentrations, lower hematocrit, increased total and regional adiposity, lower bone mineral density, and erectile dysfunction. This article discusses the pathophysiology of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes and its signs and symptoms. Clinical trials are required to determine whether testosterone replacement therapy alleviates insulin resistance, inflammation, and symptoms related to sexual dysfunction care.
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PMID:Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes. 1949 39