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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author describes his findings pertaining to spontaneous diabetes mellitus in BB rats and the method and results in juvenile alloxan diabetes in neonatal and adolescent Wistar rats of his own inbreeding F8-10. The author presents also the results of attempts to treat juvenile alloxan diabetes in rats by intrafamilial renal-subscapular allotransplants of 2-5 neonatal collagenase nondigested pancreases. Six of eleven BB females developed latent or manifest insulin dependent diabetes mellitus during the third to fourth month of life. An intraperitoneal injection of alloxan to 2-5-day-old rats causes, after two months of prediabetes, latent or manifest disease, in particular in males. In one-two-month adolescent fasting F6--10 inbred rats (Wistar strain) intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg alloxan causes diabetes mellitus with hyperglycaemia (20-60 mmol/l), glycosuria, polyuria, arrested growth, development of cataract and early death due to pulmonary or intestinal infection. The author tries to prevent these sequelae and complications by insulin therapy or intrafamilial allotransplantations of 2-5 neonatal, collagenase nondigested pancreases beneath the renal capsule, using two-three--week immunosuppression with Cyclosporin A combined with Azathioprine. The author proves permanent cure, histologically and functionally, by repeated allotransplantation which, however, due to the intense thymolymphatic immunological barrier in adolescent rats is less frequent than cure repeatedly achieved by the author in adult diabetic rats.
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PMID:[Spontaneous and experimental models of human juvenile diabetes mellitus]. 275 53

A 14-year-old female with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for 3 months, suddenly developed - in less than one day - a dense 'snow-flake cataract' with severe visual impairment in the left eye. In hospital, 5 days later one morning, the patient experienced additional loss of vision in the right eye due to further rapid cataract development, in close relation to hypoglycaemia in the early morning. In another case, a 22-year-old diabetic woman, treated with insulin for 1 year, developed an acute diabetic cataract in less than one day with pronounced visual reduction. Previously, only a few cases of acutely developed and irreversible diabetic cataract have been published. The prevalence of this rare type of diabetic cataract is estimated to be below 1% among diabetics.
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PMID:Two cases of acutely developed cataract in diabetes mellitus. 646 86

The clinical and electro-neurographic examinations were carried out in 54 patients aged 21-67 years (mean = 41.8) with IDDM of at least 10-year duration, and 25 subjects aged 19-62 years (mean = 39.0) as a control group. The aim of the study was the determination of: 1) the frequency of polyneuropathy appearance in patients with IDDM of at least 10-year duration; 2) the usefulness of electroneurography for detection of subclinical impairment of peripheral nervous system in diabetics; 3) the characterization of electro-neurographic abnormalities in diabetic neuropathy; 4) the influence of diabetes duration and metabolic control on severity of peripheral nerves affection; 5) the relationship between polyneuropathy and retinopathy, nephropathy and cataract occurrence in diabetic patients. Polyneuropathy was diagnosed--clinically in 67% of patients, electro-neurographically in 85% of patients. The neurographic study proved high sensitivity for detection of subclinical affection of peripheral nerves in diabetics. The electro-neurographic abnormalities appeared more frequently and were more considerable in the group of patients with clinical polyneuropathy. Frequency of the sensory and motor nerve fibres involvement was similar. The electroneurographical abnormalities corresponded with the features of mixed--axonal and demyelinating type of neuropathy. It was disclosed that the degree of neurographical changes did not depend on duration and severity of hyperglycemia in late period of the disease. A moderate relationship between occurrence of polyneuropathy and retinopathy, nephropathy as well as diabetic cataract was revealed.
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PMID:[Clinical and electroneurographic changes in the peripheral nervous system of patients with chronic insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM)]. 750 45

In order to identify previously undiagnosed cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in general practice, we measured non-fasting blood-glucose in all risk patients (n = 1,790) between 35-69 years old belonging to 29 general practices in Kolding. Patients at risk for NIDDM were defined as those suffering from one or more of the following: overweight, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidaemia, stroke, gout, cataract, Dupuytren's contracture, peripheral atherosclerosis or recurrent urinary- or skin-infections. A positive result, defined as a non-fasting blood-glucose of > or = 8.0 mmol/l using the same stix-lot-nr. on Refloflux S machines, was found in 86 individuals. These were then followed up with two fasting blood-glucose measurements carried out in a central laboratory, whereby 34 patients with NIDDM were identified. The newly-diagnosed NIDDM patients mostly suffered from diseases related to the insulin resistance syndrome, and we thus recommend measurement of non-fasting blood-glucose as a screening procedure in such patients. When carrying out measurements in general practice, it is important to know the precision and accuracy of the apparatus used.
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PMID:[Selective screening for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A study among 35-69 year-old patients at risk in general practice in Kolding]. 801 51

On the whole, diabetic microangiopathy can be understood as the clinical renal-retinal syndrome. About 10% of all diabetics die of end-stage renal failure, more frequent in IDDM. With an incidence of 14% diabetic retinopathy is one of the major causes of blindness in adulthood. In the non-proliferative state, the pathological changes are limited to the retina, whereas the alterations affect both retina and vitreous in the proliferative state. Photocoagulation is the treatment of choice. If photocoagulatory treatment is not possible because of cataract, vitreous surgery (pars-plana vitrectomy) could improve visual prognosis. The clinical features hypertension, proteinuria and finally renal failure define the term "diabetic nephropathy". The increased intraglomerular pressure is the main pathological alteration of incipient nephropathy. Microalbuminuria essentially determines the prognosis: in IDDM it concerns the incidence of a manifest nephropathy, in NIDDM the excessively increased incidence of cardiovascular mortality. Sonographically, the kidneys are large with bright and wide parenchyma. Along with the development of end-stage renal disease the kidney size diminishes. According to Mogensen, nephropathy is divided into five stages: Stage 1, the early stage, is defined by hypertrophy and hyperfiltration. Stage 2 shows incipient structural changes without any clinical findings. Stage 3 is characterised by persistent microalbuminuria. Stage 4 leads to increasing renal failure and stage 5 to end-stage renal disease and the necessity of dialysis treatment. Incipient nephropathy demands a strict treatment of both hypertension and diabetes. In the meantime, ACE inhibitors are the treatment of choice. In case of dialysis treatment continuous ambulant peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is usually preferred.
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PMID:[Diabetic microangiopathy]. 847 38

There has been recent interest in the progression of diabetic retinopathy following extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) especially with vitreous loss. It is well known that diabetic retinopathy progresses after intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) but was thought to be less common after ECCE. We present 7 patients with symmetrical non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy who underwent ECCE with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. These patients ranged in age from 56 to 69 years; 2 were insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM) and 5 non-IDDMs. Rubeosis iridis developed quickly between post-operative outpatient visits despite good diabetic control and a static retinal picture in the fellow eye. Visual loss following the onset of rubeosis was severe, with 3 patients needing cyclocryotherapy and eventually having no perception of light. The rapid onset of rubeosis between post-operative outpatient visits leads us to suggest much shorter periods between reviews than is current practice and the consideration of routine panretinal photocoagulation in the immediate post-operative period in diabetics with worsening retinopathy after ECCE and IOL. Possible causes of the increase in neovascularisation and rubeosis are discussed. The most important message highlighted by these case histories is that the surgery and follow-up of diabetic patients undergoing surgery should be undertaken by an ophthalmologist with an interest in diabetes. Where there is no recognised diabetic retinal specialist in a unit, then early referral to such an ophthalmologist is recommended when complications arise.
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PMID:Progression of diabetic retinopathy and rubeotic glaucoma following cataract surgery. 884 40

The morphologically distinct diabetic or 'metabolic' cataract is rare in newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes. The cases described are of five adolescents (three girls, two boys) with newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes who developed metabolic cataracts close to the time of diagnosis (0-16 months). They all had a prolonged duration of symptoms before diagnosis (4-24 months) and high glycated haemoglobin levels at diagnosis (15-21%). The pathogenesis of diabetic cataract is not well understood in humans. An attempt is made to link clinical observations with evidence from experimental animal models to understand the mechanism of cataract formation, with particular reference to the aldose reductase pathway. It is recommended that the lens and retina are examined at the onset of diabetes in all children, especially those who have a prolonged duration of symptoms before diagnosis and who report persistent blurred vision.
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PMID:Metabolic cataracts in newly diagnosed diabetes. 906 99

We present a family with five members affected by Type 1 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy. All patients had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and dental abnormalities. Four patients had ocular abnormalities, four had hypoparathyroidism, and three had Addison's disease. The family was unusual in that all four affected females had premature ovarian failure. The ocular abnormalities included two patients with subcapsular lens opacities, one patient with asymptomatic corneal opacities, and one patient with severe bilateral iridocyclitis with cataract formation. One patient had pernicious anaemia and one had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. All patients were negative on repeated occasions for organ specific and non-organ specific autoantibodies. Lymphocyte studies were performed in four patients. A deficiency of T suppressor cells was found in three and low normal levels were present in the fourth suggesting that the syndrome may be due to a defect in suppressor T cells.
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PMID:Unusual manifestations of type 1 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy. 918 92

Eye lens cataract can develop by various mechanisms the details of which are not completely known. Increased level of glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus represents one of the factors accelerating cataract development. As the lens does not depend on insulin, cataract formation is induced by hyperglycaemia both in IDDM and NIDDM patients. Glucose attacks free aminogroups of proteins and glycation products are formed by multistep non-enzymatic reactions. We can discriminate early and late products. The latter are often called as advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). They can accumulate inside the lens and interfere with its optical properties. With regard to the fact that glycation reactions are accompanied by autooxidation reactions, the overall process is usually referred to as glycoxidation. Free radical oxidations of membrane lipids give similar products as do glycation reactions, and there is synergy between these two pathways. Development of eye cataract is accompanied by a decrease in lens antioxidant capacity. A new class of glycation inhibitors has been observed recently. They are called Amadorins and they have therapeutic potential in the cataract treatment.
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PMID:[Role of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidative stress on the development of complicated diabetic cataracts]. 1095 2

We present here two DIDMOAD syndrome cases (Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Insipidus, Optic Atrophy, Deafness) in a Turkish family. In the examination of the propositus who had consanguineous parents, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy, and deafness were observed in addition to myopia, juvenile glaucoma, posterior polar cataract, and dilatation of the urinary tract. Diabetes mellitus, diabetes inspidus, optic atrophy, deafness, myopia, and ventricular septal defect were observed in his elder brother. Juvenile onset diabetes mellitus, congenital glaucoma, deafness, and heart disease were the other remarkable findings observed in relatives to this family. Juvenile glaucoma, posterior polar cataract observed in our propositus, and myopia in both our DIDMOAD syndrome cases are the first ophthalmic manifestations described in the DIDMOAD syndrome.
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PMID:A DIDMOAD syndrome family with juvenile glaucoma and myopia findings. 1099 58


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