Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced antioxidant activity may contribute to the development of complications in pregnancy. The present study discusses the possibility of LPO and antioxidant activity in both maternal and umbilical cord blood as an indicator of oxygen radical activity. For this aim, pregnancies with hypertension and pre-eclampsia, diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus), oligohydramnios and abruptio placentae, as well as a healthy control group, were subjected in the present study. Simultaneous determination of glutathione S-transferase (GST), selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), catalase (CAT) activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive-substances (TBARs) levels were carried out in maternal erythrocyte and plasma in the antenatal period (in the third trimester) and immediately after the delivery. The same oxidative stress-related parameters were determined in umbilical cord blood as well. Erythrocyte GST activity was significantly increased in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancy (IDDP) when compared to the control (P<0.05). Erythrocyte Se-GPx activity was found to be significantly increased in hypertensive preeclamptic pregnancy (HPP) (P<0.05) and in IDDP (P<0.05). Alterations in enzyme activities were accompanied by a simultaneous significant increase in the levels of TBARs in plasma samples of HPP (P<0.05), and IDDP (P<0.05). Enzyme activities were found to be significantly lower in cord blood samples than the maternal values, except GST. This enzyme represents about two- to threefold higher activity than those of the maternal activity in uncomplicated and complicated groups. Cord blood erythrocyte and plasma Se-GPx and CAT activities were decreased significantly in the HPP group when compared to the maternal value (P<0.05). Cord blood erythrocyte CAT activity was significantly decreased in the HPP group compared to the control (P<0.05). Cord blood TBARs levels were significantly lower than the before deliveries maternal value in the HPP group (P<0.05). No difference was detected between umbilical cord blood and maternal blood TBARs levels after delivery. The results of the present study suggest that oxidative stress and subsequent lipid peroxidation accompany the complications of hypertension, preeclampsia and diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Maternal erythrocyte GST activity seems to be a sensitive indicator of oxidative stress in IDDP before delivery. The same enzyme can be used in cord blood as a biomarker of oxidative stress upon a sudden increase in oxygenation during delivery. These multiparameter biomarkers can also be used in monitoring the efficiency of antioxidant supplementation in complicated pregnant women, as has recently been suggested for diabetic and preeclamptic pregnancies.
 ...
PMID:Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in complicated pregnancies. 1259 16

The objective was to investigate whether selected perinatal factors, as indicators of perinatal exposures, are associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in children. Specifically, we tested whether maternal preeclampsia, Rhesus-immunization, induced labor, cesarean section, and multiple birth were associated with incidence of type 1 diabetes. A cohort study was designed by linking records of the Medical Birth Registry and the National Childhood Diabetes Registry of Norway. Live births in the study period were followed for a maximum of 15 y and contributed 8,166,731 person-years between 1989 and 1998. Altogether, 1824 cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1989 and 1998 were identified within the cohort. There was a suggestive, but nonsignificant, increase in risk of type 1 diabetes associated with Rhesus-immunization. Maternal preeclampsia, cesarean section, and the other perinatal factors investigated in this study were not significantly associated with incidence of type 1 diabetes in the children. Previous indications that cesarean section and preeclampsia are associated with type 1 diabetes were not supported by this large study. The majority of routinely recorded perinatal factors are only weakly associated with type 1 diabetes, or not at all.
 ...
PMID:No association between preeclampsia or cesarean section and incidence of type 1 diabetes among children: a large, population-based cohort study. 1281 16

We evaluated the outcome of pregnancies followed between 1990 and 2000 in 93 women with type 1 diabetes, treated with conventional intensive insulin therapy (n=68) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (n=25). We evaluated metabolic control (fasting and 1-hour post-prandial plasma glucose and HbA1c levels), spontaneous or induced abortions, time and mode of delivery, maternal outcome (pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, hydramnios, hypoglycemic coma, ketoacidosis) and fetal outcome (weight, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, fetal distress, asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease, polycythemia, shoulder dystocia, malformations). Patients treated with insulin pump more frequently had background retinopathy and clinical neuropathy. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in metabolic control and maternal outcome. Glycemic control, non-optimal in the prepregnancy state, improved significantly during pregnancy, as shown by the progressive reduction in HbA1c levels. As regards fetal outcome, no differences were observed between the two groups in morbidity and especially in malformation rate. Patients with malformed babies did not have optimal metabolic control at conception. Thus, maternal and perinatal outcomes were comparable in patients treated with insulin pump and continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy, and depended on metabolic control. In patients in higher White's class and with more unstable glycemia, we achieved metabolic control and outcomes comparable with those of women of lower White's class and more stable glycemic values using the insulin pump. Our data suggest that insulin pump therapy is useful in problematic, complicated cases of women who want a baby.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of outcome of pregnancy in type 1 diabetics treated with insulin pump or conventional insulin therapy. 1460 71

The purpose is to identify maternal and prenatal risks factors for placental vascular disorders. We excluded biologic and epidemiological data which are discussed in another chapter. Maternal risks factors are pre-existing vascular systemic diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (antiphospholipid antibodies are studied in another chapter) is a classical disease associated with unfavorable outcome, particularly when the disease is not quiescent and if the patient has a history of previous poor outcome. Obstetricians' awareness of the influence of inflammatory bowel diseases on pregnancy and fetal outcome is quite poor. These diseases, if they are not quiescent, can induce deleterious perinatal effects. Type 1 or even type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of preeclampsia or hypertension in pregnancy, particularly when there is poor glycemic control early in pregnancy. The duration of type 1 diabetes affects the outcome of pregnancy more than type 2. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many adverse events including spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and placental abruption. There are data about the dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the risk of abortion. Smoking during pregnancy is also protective against preeclampsia and this apparent paradox suggests the complexity of what is called vascular placental pathology. There is a significant relationship between pejorative perinatal vascular outcome and the non quiescence of renal disease. Mid-trimester uterine artery Doppler combining bilateral notches and increased uterine resistance index is the best criterion to predict the placental vascular risk of the pregnancy. Some promising studies suggest the feasibility of uterine Doppler ultrasound screening early in the pregnancy during the first trimester. Large studies are required to confirm this practice. Uterine artery Doppler in combination with other tests (elevated maternal serum hCG or ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring at 22 weeks gestation) could be a more efficient predictor of vascular complications. A large-scale evaluation is necessary before recommendations can be made. Multiple pregnancies increase the risk of preeclampsia 2- or 3-fold (RR 2.62; 95% CI: 2.03-3.38). A history of preeclampsia is the strongest predictor of unfavorable outcome for the second pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:[Maternal and obstetrical risk factors of placental vascular pathology (biologic and epidemiological data excluded)]. 1502 85

In this article the pregnancy of a woman suffering from the complete triad typical of Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 (Addison's disease + type 1 diabetes + Hashimoto's thyroiditis) is reported. By using insulin pump therapy with insulin lispro, it was possible to balance diabetes control with changes of steroid replacement therapy. Pregnancy was uneventful until week 27, when signs of preeclampsia occurred. The boy was born without difficulty at gestational age 37 weeks by planned cesarean section but signs of diabetic fetopathy (macrosomia, hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia) were expressed. He required a short course of hydrocortisone therapy. He made a good and rapid recovery. The mother made a good post-operative recovery too, but 4 months after the delivery microalbuminuria as well as mild hyperuricemia are still present. Interdisciplinary approach and very careful observation of the mother as well as of the child enabled successful outcome of this highly risky pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Pregnancy in a woman suffering from type 1 diabetes associated with Addison's disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (fully developed Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2). 1521 52

Type 2 diabetes is a growing concern, with the number of new cases increasing and occurring at a younger age due to obesity. Consequently the number of cases arising in women of child-bearing age is increasing, and the condition will be encountered more frequently in the antenatal clinic. Type 2 diabetes is often perceived as a benign form of diabetes, but this is not the case when one examines pregnancy outcomes. Rates of perinatal mortality (25/1000) and congenital malformation (99/1000) are significantly greater than those in background populations and at least as poor as those in type 1 diabetes. The rates of hypertension, pre-eclampsia and postpartum haemorrhage are greater than the general maternity population, as is the rate of operative delivery. To improve outcomes we need to dispel the myth that type 2 diabetes is a benign condition. Educational programmes, population screening, and strategies to help vulnerable groups access the services available will increase our ability to identify and counsel women with type 2 diabetes early enough to make a difference.
 ...
PMID:Type 2 diabetes and pregnancy. 1592 69

Vitamin D has been suggested to affect the balance between T helper (Th1) and (Th2) type cytokines by favouring Th2 domination. We investigated the association between infant vitamin D supplementation and later pre-eclampsia, a disorder suggested to be dominated by Th1 response. We used data on 2969 women born in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 of whom 68 (2.3%) had pre-eclampsia in their first pregnancy. Risk of pre-eclampsia was halved (OR 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-0.92) in participants who had received vitamin D supplementation regularly during the first year of life and this association was not affected by adjustment for own birth order, birth weight, gestational age, social class in 1966 and hospitalizations or pregnancy-induced hypertension of their mothers. Together with earlier observations on a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes after vitamin D supplementation, these data suggest that vitamin D intake in infancy may affect long-term programming of the immune response pattern.
 ...
PMID:Does vitamin D supplementation in infancy reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia? 1726 18

The aim was to evaluate and compare the outcome of pregnancies of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) intensively treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI). Twenty-nine women with T1D receiving CSII during pregnancy as intensive insulin therapy (27 started CSII during pregnancy planning while 2 started CSII during the 1st month of gestation) were matched for age, duration of T1D, White's classification, BMI before gestation, parity and HbA1c before pregnancy with 29 women treated with MDI. Metabolic control and acute complications were registered including ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemic episodes, and the development of hypertension induced by pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Perinatal mortality, stillbirth, minor and major congenital malformations, macrosomia, weeks at delivery, caesarean section and perinatal complications were also recorded. As expected, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of age, duration of the disease, White's classification, BMI before gestation, parity and HbA1c before pregnancy. The proportion of subjects who received preconceptional guidance and planned pregnancy did not differ between groups. No differences were observed in HbA1c, insulin dose and BMI throughout gestation in either group of patients. Maternal, foetal and perinatal outcome were similar in women treated with CSII or MDI. The use of CSII in pregestational T1D women is associated with similar results in metabolic control, maternal, foetal and perinatal outcome during pregnancy to those obtained using MDI.
 ...
PMID:Outcome of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or conventional therapy. A case-control study. 1735 84

There has been a temporal trend towards increased birth weight over the past three decades. This increase in birth weight may have resulted in an increase in neonatal blood pressure. Neonatal hypertension is becoming more common, especially in neonatal intensive care unit survivors. Current normative values are required to assist in diagnosis and appropriate management of neonatal hypotension and hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine normative blood pressure readings in healthy term neonates. Term neonates from the postnatal ward were enrolled from August 2003 to August 2005. Exclusion criteria included infants of mothers with preeclampsia, hypertension of any cause, gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes mellitus and illicit substance use, infant congenital or chromosomal anomaly, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit or possible sepsis. Of the 406 infants enrolled, 218 were male. The median systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures on day 1 of life were 65 mmHg, 45 mmHg, and 48 mmHg, respectively. On day 4, these values had increased to 70 mmHg, 46 mmHg and 54 mmHg. There was a significant elevation in blood pressure from day 1 to day 2 of life. There was no significant difference in blood pressure readings with respect to birth weight or length. The only significant difference between the sexes was a lower mean and diastolic pressure on day 2 in boys. This study has provided current normative blood pressure readings of healthy term neonates that can be used to assess both hypotension and hypertension in the term neonate. No increase in blood pressure was noted from previous studies.
 ...
PMID:Normative blood pressure data in the early neonatal period. 1743 31

Here we present the case of a 30-year-old woman with type I diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and treatment resistant persistent hyperemesis gravidarum in her 25th week of gestation who was successfully treated with the antidepressant mirtazapine (Remergil). Nausea and vomiting resolved within 5 days. After discharge from the hospital in 28 weeks of gestation and discontinuation of the medication on her own initiative a relapse occurred, once again with good response to mirtazapine. The drug was continued until birth. At 34 + 0 weeks a cesarean section was performed due to fetal growth restriction and deteriorating preeclampsia. During the second and fourth day postnatal age the child temporarily developed hyperarousal which could be explained by mirtazapine withdrawal.
 ...
PMID:Treatment resistant hyperemesis gravidarum in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus: neonatal withdrawal symptoms after successful antiemetic therapy with mirtazapine. 1762 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>