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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fasting insulin, lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 22 middle aged female non-insulin dependent diabetics with gall stone disease (cases) and in 22 non-insulin dependent diabetics without gall stone disease (controls). The groups were matched for sex, age, obesity, and fasting glucose concentrations. No differences were observed between the cases and controls in duration of diabetes, glycated haemoglobin A1, alcohol intake, smoking, use of cardiovascular drugs or a history of myocardial infarction. Diabetics with gall stone disease had higher fasting insulin concentrations (p less than 0.5), lower total (p less than 0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (not statistically significant) concentrations than diabetics without gall stone disease. These changes in insulin, lipids and lipoproteins are similar to reported changes in non-diabetic subjects with gall stone disease. Therefore, they are characteristic for gall stone disease and not as such explanatory to an increased risk of gall stones in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Plasma insulin, serum lipids and lipoproteins in gall stone disease in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects: a case control study. 226 92

Transplantation of bone marrow cells from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model for type 1 diabetes mellitus, to C3H/HeN mice, which express I-E alpha molecules and have aspartic acid at residue 57 of the I-A beta chain, induced insulitis followed by overt diabetes in the recipient C3H/HeN mice more than 40 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. When cyclosporin A, which perturbs T-cell functions, was injected intraperitoneally into [NOD----C3H/HeN] chimeric mice daily for 1 month, the chimeric mice developed insulitis and overt diabetes within 20 weeks following bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice, which develop lupus nephritis, myocardial infarction, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, into C3H/HeN or C57BL/6J mice induced in the recipient strains both lupus nephritis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura more than 3 months after transplantation. Transplantation of a stem-cell-enriched population from (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice into normal mice also induced autoimmune disease in the recipients. These results indicate that both systemic autoimmune disease and organ-specific autoimmune disease originate from defects that reside within the stem cells; the thymus and environmental factors such as sex hormones appear to act only as accelerating factors.
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PMID:Organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases originate from defects in hematopoietic stem cells. 223 44

A follow-up of 92 patients with diabetes mellitus, who were hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Bergen, during the years 1950-63, was conducted in June 1986. The mean age of the 76 living patients was 38 years, and the mean duration of diabetes 30 years. Sixteen patients had died. According to the death certificates the causes of death were as follows: Myocardial infarction, uremia, pneumonia, diabetes not further specified, suicide, sudden death not further specified, ketoacidosis, accident to the head, and convulsions (epilepsy). The 39 patients living in the county of Hordaland (including Bergen) were invited to a clinical examination. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 37 years, mean duration of diabetes 29 years) accepted. In eleven, the disease had influenced the choice of occupation. Twelve experienced professional difficulties due to diabetes, and thirteen had major complaints due to the disease. Three used antianginal drugs, and a further three were receiving antihypertensive treatment. Four women had hypothyreosis. Twelve had proteinuria or pathologic microalbuminuria. Only two of 27 patients examined by means of fluorescein-angiography showed no retinopathy. Evidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was observed in ten patients. Since only three patients had used fast-acting insulin regularly during the last ten years, it should be possible to give patients with type 1 diabetes better treatment in the future.
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PMID:[Prognosis of diabetes mellitus type 1. A follow-up study]. 273 38

From August 1974 to January 1985, 53 patients (26 men; seven Maoris) mean age 45 (SD 15) years, with diabetes mellitus for a mean of 12 (SD nine) years had a renal biopsy and were followed. Indications for biopsy were nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, renal impairment (five) and hematuria (one). Mean plasma creatinine concentration was 0.22 (SD 0.18) mmol/L and protein excretion 3.4 (SD 2.5) g/24 h. Diabetic nephropathy was demonstrated in 39 patients and significantly associated with retinopathy and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Of the 39 patients followed for 25.7 (SD 22.8) months, 18 had died (nine myocardial infarction, six uremia, two sepsis, one stroke) and nine had begun dialysis. The five-year cumulative renal survival was 28%. The presence of the nephrotic syndrome and the plasma creatinine concentration at presentation were the best predictors of survival. Diabetics with IDDM of 20 years duration, retinopathy and heavy proteinuria, who survive the other complications of their disease, are likely to have diabetic nephropathy requiring renal replacement therapy.
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PMID:Renal disease in diabetics--which patients have diabetic nephropathy and what is their outcome? 324 62

The prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension was investigated in an epidemiological study of diabetics traced by registration of prescriptions on insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) on the island of Falster (inhabitants 44 498), Denmark. Among 533 diabetics (227 insulin- and 306 OHA-treated) the prevalence rate of primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension was 6.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Neovascular glaucoma occurred in 2.1% of all diabetics and in 21.3% of diabetics with proliferative retinopathy. Open angle glaucoma was more prevalent (P less than 0.01) in type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with type 1 diabetes mellitus. No difference in the prevalence of neovascular glaucoma was found between type 1 and type 2 diabetics. The occurrence of open angle glaucoma correlated positively (P less than 0.01) to the current age (greater than 65 years) in both groups and the diabetes onset age (greater than 40 years) in insulin-treated diabetics. Neovascular glaucoma correlated positively (P less than 0.05) with diabetic macrovascular complications in total (myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular stroke, gangrene/amputation), neuropathy and severe microvascular complications (proliferative retinopathy, retinovascular occlusion). Diabetics with open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension showed a higher frequency (P less than 0.05) of ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and retinovascular occlusion compared with diabetics without glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
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PMID:The prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. An epidemiological study of diabetes mellitus on the island of Falster, Denmark. 663 28

Insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients with diabetic nephropathy have a highly increased morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease. An insertion (I) /deletion (D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been shown to be associated with coronary heart disease. Therefore, we have investigated the role of this ACE/ID polymorphism in 198 IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy and 190 normoalbuminuric IDDM patients. The prevalence of myocardial infarction and other coronary heart disease was significantly elevated in patients with nephropathy, 19% (38/198) vs 8% (15/190), p < 0.001. In the nephropathic group 12 of 63 (19%), 23 of 95 (24%), and 3 of 40 (7.5%) patients with the DD, ID and II genotypes, respectively had a history of coronary heart disease, II vs DD and ID, p < 0.05 when compared to nephropathic patients without coronary heart disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk factors associated with coronary heart disease in univariate analysis revealed that the II genotype acts as an independent protective factor against coronary heart disease, odds ratio II/DD + ID 0.27 (95% confidence interval 0.07-0.97, p < 0.05). There was no difference in genotype or allele frequency (D/I) between patients with and without nephropathy, 0.56/0.44 in both groups, but plasma ACE concentration was elevated in patients with nephropathy 609 (151-1504) ng/ml as compared to patients with normoalbuminuria, 428 (55-1630) ng/ml, p < 0.001. We suggest that ACE/ID polymorphism may influence the frequency of life-threatening cardiac complications in IDDM patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy, a condition characterized by increased plasma ACE concentration.
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PMID:Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme gene is associated with coronary heart disease in IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy. 878 34

In November 1990, we carried out a survey of chronic complications of diabetes in more than 2000 diabetic patients who were seen on one day in 35 medical institutions including university hospitals, other hospitals and small clinics. More than 60% were aged 55-74 years. About 7% of patients had IDDM. Hypertension was present in 38.5%. Proteinuria was positive in 20% and 1% of patients were on dialysis therapy. 28% had visual disturbance and 2.9% had blindness in one or both eyes. Retinopathy was observed in 38% and proliferative retinopathy in 10%. The prevalences of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cerebral infarction and foot ulcer and gangrene were 2.1%, 4.7%, 5.7% and 2%, respectively, including the histories of these complications. Amputation of lower extremities was seen in only 0.6%. Microangiopathies were generally more frequent and more severe in IDDM than NIDDM. The prevalence of microangiopathy was as common as, but macroangiopathy seems less frequent than, the figures given in 'Diabetes in America'.
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PMID:Prevalence of chronic complications in Japanese diabetic patients. 785

In group of 1026 patients with recent myocardial infarction (from program "Streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction"--patients below 70 years old, up to 12 hours from the onset of the symptoms) we analyzed the influence of diabetes on clinical course and hospital mortality. In this group were 77 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), and 21 patients were insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). The risk factors of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction in the past were significantly more often in patients with diabetes than in subjects without diabetes. In hospital mortality was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group of patients with diabetes (17.3%) than in group without diabetes (9.5%). Reinfarction in the hospital period occurred significantly more often in diabetes group (p < 0.01). Congestive heart failure was observed in 50% patients with diabetes and in 32.3% cases without diabetes (p < 0.01), the left ventricle aneurysm occurred accordingly 9.8% i 5.2% (N.S.). Early ventricular fibrillation and atrio-ventricular blocks occurred with the same frequency in the both groups. We analyzed also the influence of thrombolytic therapy on clinical course in patients with diabetes proving the benefit of this treatment.
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PMID:[Influence of diabetes on the clinical course and hospital mortality of patients with recent myocardial infarction]. 847 43

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is a common multimetabolic disorder with potential (and potentially severe) long-term complications affecting large and small blood vessels. Where microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) are concerned, the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), as well as much circumstantial evidence, suggests that hyperglycaemia is the main aetiological factor and this is likely to apply in NIDDM as well as IDDM. Unfortunately, achieving normoglycaemia in NIDDM is not easy and it is unclear whether insulin has advantages over oral hypoglycaemic agents or vice versa. Turning to macrovascular disease, it is unclear which of the many potentially atherogenic abnormalities-hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperlipidaemia, etc-are most important. A further problem is that macrovascular disease is already well developed in many patients when NIDDM is diagnosed and we do not know whether secondary prevention is effective. Nevertheless, it is sensible to try to reverse the atherogenic milieu and this should be done in the first instance by lifestyle modification rather than drugs. Even if we cannot manipulate the biochemistry to prevent small or large vessel complications, much can still be done; proactive foot care can prevent ulceration, timely laser treatment can prevent visual loss and thrombolytic therapy is relatively more effective in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction than in their non-diabetic peers. Finally, patients with NIDDM need intensive education and each needs an individualised treatment plan and goals.
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PMID:Targets of therapy for NIDDM. 852 19

We present data on 5 aspects of the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Canada: (a) the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in those under 15 years of age. The 2 Canadian centres that participated in the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International study had different incidence rates in IDDM:25.5/100,000 in Prince Edward Island (PEI) and 9.2/100,000 in Montreal. The reasons for this difference are not yet established. Studies on incidence of IDDM over a decade in PEI showed an apparent epidemic of the disease; (b) the prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in Canadian adults. The overall prevalence of self-reported diabetes in Canadian adults (18-74 y) was 5.1% in the Canadian Heart Health Survey. There were no significant regional differences in prevalence of diabetes across Canada. The prevalence rates increased with age; (c) mortality data in people with diabetes mellitus. In PEI, 321 persons with diabetes died between January 1, 1982 and December 31, 1984, accounting for about 2% of all deaths. Diabetes was listed as the underlying cause in 16.8% of the deaths, as a contributing cause of death in 41.7%, and not mentioned at all in 41.1% of the deaths. Irrespective of whether diabetes was mentioned or not, myocardial infarction and cerebral vascular disease were the 2 major causes of deaths in these 321 persons with diabetes; (d) the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Canadian adults with diabetes mellitus. In the Canadian Heart Health Survey, the prevalence rates of obesity, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and hypercholesterolemia were higher in the diabetic group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Canada. 854 8


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