Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transplantation of bone marrow cells from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model for type 1 diabetes mellitus, to C3H/HeN mice, which express I-E alpha molecules and have aspartic acid at residue 57 of the I-A beta chain, induced insulitis followed by overt diabetes in the recipient C3H/HeN mice more than 40 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. When cyclosporin A, which perturbs T-cell functions, was injected intraperitoneally into [NOD----C3H/HeN] chimeric mice daily for 1 month, the chimeric mice developed insulitis and overt diabetes within 20 weeks following bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice, which develop lupus nephritis, myocardial infarction, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, into C3H/HeN or C57BL/6J mice induced in the recipient strains both lupus nephritis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura more than 3 months after transplantation. Transplantation of a stem-cell-enriched population from (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice into normal mice also induced autoimmune disease in the recipients. These results indicate that both systemic autoimmune disease and organ-specific autoimmune disease originate from defects that reside within the stem cells; the thymus and environmental factors such as sex hormones appear to act only as accelerating factors.
 ...
PMID:Organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases originate from defects in hematopoietic stem cells. 223 44

The diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is almost always based on clinical grounds. The diagnosis is supported by a long history of diabetes, evidence of target organ damage and proteinuria preceding azotemia. The validity of this clinical approach is well established in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus but not in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is thus important to determine which patients with NIDDM accompanied by non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) should have a biopsy. However, factors clinically associated with NDRD in patients with NIDDM remain unclear. Therefore we reviewed clinical data, laboratory data and renal biopsies from 22 NIDDM patients who underwent renal biopsy between 1992 and 1998 in Wonju Christian Hospital. From this data, we identified important features that would discriminate between DN and NDRD. There were 8 women and 14 men. Age ranged from 33 to 68 (51.2 +/- 10.7) years. The duration of diabetes at biopsy ranged from 0 to 13 (4.2 +/- 4.2) years. Nephrotic syndrome was present in 13 patients. The patients with NDRD (n = 14) and DN (n = 8) had comparable 24-hour proteinuria, 24-hour albuminuria, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, albumin, as well as incidences of neuropathy and hypertension. The significant factors that predict the NDRD included a short duration of the diabetes mellitus, the presence of dysmorphic red blood cells in urine, the absence of retinopathy and HbA1c below 9% (p < 0.05, respectively). NDRD included IgA nephropathy (n = 6), minimal change disease (n = 3), membranous nephropathy (n = 3), membranous lupus nephritis (n = 1) and acute interstitial nephritis (n = 1). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the short duration of DM and the absence of retinopathy were factors significantly associated with NDRD. In summary, when there is a short duration of diabetes mellitus, or an absence of retinopathy seen in patients with NIDDM, then renal biopsy in diabetic patients aids in the detection of NDRD.
 ...
PMID:Non-diabetic renal disease in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 1048 33

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for developing other autoimmune diseases, most commonly autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease. Few reports have described the association of systemic lupus erythematosus and T1D in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lupus nephritis in a child with T1D.
 ...
PMID:Lupus nephritis in a child with type I diabetes mellitus. 2105 67

Inflammatory events persist in systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) despite the use of anti-inflammatory (both steroidal and non-steroidal) and immunosuppressive drugs leading to delay in the healing/repair process and so tissue/organ damage continues. The continuation of inflammation in lupus could be attributed to failure of the resolution process due to deficiency of potent endogenous pro-resolution-inducing molecules such as lipoxin A4 (LXA4). It is likely that progression and flares of lupus and lupus nephritis are due to decreased formation and release of LXA4. Hence, administration of LXA4 and its analogues could be of benefit in lupus. Furthermore, plasma and urinary measurement of lipoxins may be used to predict prognosis and response to therapy. It is likely that lipoxins and other bioactive anti-inflammatory lipids such as resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids play a significant role in other auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis and hence, could be of significant benefit in these diseases.
 ...
PMID:Lipoxins as biomarkers of lupus and other inflammatory conditions. 2156 25

Evaluation of hypoglycemia in a patient with known diabetes mellitus, although usually straightforward, can at times be challenging. We present the case of an 8 year-old Latina girl initially diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the setting of multiple autoimmune disorders, including dermatomyositis and lupus nephritis. She subsequently developed signs of insulin resistance and severe hypoglycemia, which was found to be due to insulin-receptor autoantibodies. This condition, known as type B insulin resistance, is a rare, heterogeneous metabolic disease that may feature hypoglycemia in the setting of extreme insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia and, in this case, masqueraded as type 1 diabetes mellitus. The presence of hypoglycemia in the setting of multiple autoimmune disorders should prompt consideration of autoimmune-mediated hypoglycemia. In addition to immunologic modifying therapies, advances in diabetes care in the form of continuous glucose monitoring have provided an additional tool to manage recurrent hypoglycemia.
 ...
PMID:Intractable Hypoglycemia in the Setting of Autoimmune Overlap Syndrome. 2856 54

Autoimmune diseases can be chronic with relapse of inflammatory symptoms, but it can be also acute and life-threatening if immune cells destroy life-supporting organs, such as lupus nephritis. The etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been revealed as that genetics and environmental factors-mediated dysregulated immune responses contribute to the initiation and development of autoimmune disorders. However, the current understanding of pathogenesis is limited and the underlying mechanism has not been well defined, which lows the development of novel biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases. To improve this, broadening and deepening our understanding of pathogenesis is an unmet need. As genetic susceptibility cannot explain the low accordance rate of incidence in homozygous twins, epigenetic regulations might be an additional explanation. Therefore, this review will summarize current progress of studies on epigenetic dysregulations contributing to autoimmune diseases, including SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), hopefully providing opinions on orientation of future research, as well as discussing the clinical utilization of potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
 ...
PMID:The Pathogenic Role of Dysregulated Epigenetic Modifications in Autoimmune Diseases. 3161 79