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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to test whether maternal age at delivery, child's birth order, cesarean section, complicated delivery, maternal smoking during pregnancy, or neonatal jaundice predict islet autoimmunity in children at genetically increased risk of type 1 diabetes in a birth cohort with blood draws at ages 9, 15, and 24 months and yearly thereafter. Newborns with diabetes-associated human leukocyte antigen genotypes (n = 938) and offspring or siblings of persons with type 1 diabetes (n = 428) from the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area were examined from January 1994 to February 2003. Information on perinatal factors was collected by using questionnaires soon after the birth. Islet autoimmunity was defined as positivity for > or = 1 autoantibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase65, insulin, or protein tyrosine phosphatase-2/ICA512 at > or = 2 consecutive visits (n = 52; mean follow-up, 3.9 years). Complicated delivery (breech, forceps, vacuum extraction) predicted a higher risk of islet autoimmunity (hazard ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 4.05). Increasing maternal age was related to risk of islet autoimmunity among first-degree relatives of persons with type 1 diabetes (hazard ratios = 3.96 and 8.88 for maternal ages 25-34 and > or = 35 years, respectively, compared with < 25 years; p for trend = 0.008. Other factors evaluated were not related to risk of islet autoimmunity. In conclusion, influences in utero or during delivery may affect the fetal immune system.
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PMID:Perinatal factors and development of islet autoimmunity in early childhood: the diabetes autoimmunity study in the young. 1522 11

Published data on the role of neonatal jaundice as a risk factor for childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus is inconsistent. We aimed to review systematically, the evidence for an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. A comprehensive search of the published literature was performed to identify studies that had recorded the occurrence of neonatal jaundice in a group of children with type 1 diabetes and in a group of control children. Odds ratios (ORs) were extracted from reports or derived from tabulated data and then combined using a random effects meta-analysis. Data were available from 12 case-control studies and one retrospective cohort study. Overall, there was only weak evidence of an increase in the risk of type 1 diabetes in children who had neonatal jaundice (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99-1.32; P = 0.07), and there was some evidence of heterogeneity (I(2) = 53%, P = 0.01) mainly attributable to one study. An analysis restricted to studies not relying on parental recall showed a stronger, significant relationship (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.51; P = 0.02), although heterogeneity remained. This analysis found evidence of a small but statistically significant increase in childhood type 1 diabetes risk associated with neonatal jaundice but only for studies which used data from obstetric records. Jaundice caused by blood group incompatibility or requiring phototherapy may be associated with a greater increase in type 1 diabetes risk and deserves further study.
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PMID:Neonatal jaundice is associated with a small increase in the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies. 2220 52