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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Geographic/population variation in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is well recognised. In a study of 'native' Indians, we screened 102 non-proteinuric diabetes mellitus patients (64 NIDDM, 38 IDDM; mean age and diabetic duration 48.7 and 6.5 years, 21.6 and 6.2 years, respectively) with blood pressure less than or equal to 170/105 and without congestive heart failure, ketonuria or urinary tract infection, for the presence of microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate greater than 20 micrograms/min). Fifty-six patients (34 NIDDM, 22 IDDM) also underwent detailed fundus examination. Seventeen NIDDM (26.6%) and 3 IDDM (7.9%) patients had microalbuminuria. Glycated hemoglobin was significantly higher in microalbuminurics in the NIDDM group (P less than 0.05). Diabetic retinopathy tended to occur more frequently in microalbuminurics (NIDDM and IDDM).
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PMID:The prevalence of microalbuminuria in diabetes: a study from north India. 187 3

Twenty cases with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied and compared with a control group with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and another group of nondiabetic healthy persons. Lymphocytes of each group were tested for agglutination with three sets of lectins: concavalin A (ConA), soyabean agglutinin (SBA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA). SBA test, being highly positive in IDDM and persistently negative in NIDDM, is the most significant of the three tests for differentiating between the two types of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Immunoclinical correlation in diabetes mellitus. A preliminary report on the lectin-agglutination test. 188 79

Albumin excretion rate measured by new immunoassays and semiquantitative tests is advocated as a means for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. We determined albumin excretion rate in 276 patients. Albumin excretion rate was normal in 66%, within the microalbuminuric range in 27%, and within the macroproteinuric range in 7%. Significant predictors of albumin excretion rate included presence of hypertension and glycosylated hemoglobin level in type I diabetes mellitus, and years since diagnosis in type II diabetes mellitus. A semiquantitative test was deemed to be of limited diagnostic value. We conclude that testing for early diabetic nephropathy in routine clinical practice gives valuable information and that determination by a quantitative immunoassay based on a single 24-hour urine sample is preferable. The optimal frequency of screening and the levels that determine progressive renal disease have yet to be established.
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PMID:Microalbuminuria in clinical practice. 188 40

The prevalence, age at diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment of young diabetics, younger than 40 years were determined on the basis of a cross-sectional study of medical records of 2 health districts in Pahang, Malaysia. There were only 20 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM), prevalence 0.07 per 1000 inhabitants. There were 84 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM), prevalence 0.3 per 1000 inhabitants. Three of the NIDDM patients could have malnutrition-related diabetes. Many NIDDM patients were asymptomatic which is an important reason why many of them remain undetected in the community. Seventy-four percent of the patients below the age of 30 years at diagnosis had NIDDM, 56% of the patients below the age of 20 years at diagnosis also had NIDDM and 54% of the NIDDM patients had a strong family history of diabetes. Many NIDDM patients were misdiagnosed as IDDM, especially if they were underweight, leading to considerable overuse of insulin. This study confirms that IDDM is rare in Malaysia, as in other Asian countries. Most young diabetics have NIDDM and have a strong family history. This pattern of diabetes in the young is unlike that seen in the West.
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PMID:Prevalence, age at diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment of diabetes in the young in Pahang, Malaysia. 188 50

Family studies suggest a strong genetic component in the aetiology of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), with evidence for a major gene of co-dominant or dominant effect. A gene-dosage effect, whereby diabetes develops earlier in people with two susceptibility genes than in those with one susceptibility gene is likely. The search for the diabetes gene has led to the cloning and characterization of many genes involved in controlling glucose homeostasis. These include the insulin, insulin receptor, glucose transporter, amylin and glucokinase genes. Molecular techniques have permitted rapid screening of these genes in NIDDM patients and controls. There is now a rather contradictory genetic literature for NIDDM, with weak disease associations reported and refuted for most candidate genes. However, pedigree analyses and DNA sequencing of available candidate genes and their regulatory regions have failed to implicate any of these in the common form of diabetes, NIDDM. Methodical application of random clones in well-defined NIDDM families may be the strategy of choice in finding the NIDDM genes, given the wide range of genes potentially involved in the glucose and lipoprotein metabolic disturbances seen in NIDDM.
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PMID:Genetics of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in 1990. 189 73

Abnormalities in cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) may play a role in the development of diabetic arterial vascular complications. To assess this important step systematically in reverse cholesterol transport, we have studied 20 treated, clinically stable, normolipidaemic patients. Contrary to the impairment in CET described previously in NIDDM, the mass of CE transferred from HDL to VLDL + LDL was significantly greater in IDDM patients than in controls at 1,2, and 4 h (P less than 0.001). When the d less than 1.063 plasma fractions from IDDM subjects were combined with controls d less than 1.063 fractions, an accelerated CET response was observed which was identical to that found in intact IDDM plasma. This finding, which indicates that this disturbance in CET was associated with the acceptor lipoproteins, was confirmed when we found that it was reproduced by the addition of IDDM VLDL and not LDL to control d greater than 1.063 fractions. Changes observed in lipoprotein core lipid composition were consistent with accelerated CET occurring in IDDM in vivo: the TG/CE core lipid ratio was decreased in VLDL from six subjects (diabetic 9.5 +/- 0.8 vs control 12.9 +/- 3.4; P less than 0.1) and increased in their HDL (diabetic 0.55 +/- 0.11 vs control 0.42 +/- 0.04; P less than 0.025). No correlation was demonstrable between estimates of diabetic control (glycoalbumin, fasting glucose) and CET. These data indicate that CET may be abnormally increased in normolipidaemic IDDM patients. A defect of this type may be atherogenic because it increases the number of lipoprotein particles in plasma which resemble cholesteryl ester-enriched chylomicron and VLDL remnants but whose normal receptor-mediated catabolism may be altered.
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PMID:Accelerated cholesteryl ester transfer in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 190 28

Hyperinsulinaemia links non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), obesity, and hypertension, each an insulin-resistant state in its own right. Insulin resistance predicts the occurrence of NIDDM, and plays a major role in its pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that hyperinsulinaemia may also predict hypertension in a sample (n = 2905) of the mixed population of San Antonio, in which hyperinsulinaemia and NIDDM are more prevalent among Mexican-Americans than non-Hispanic whites. Whilst in the whole sample the hypertensives had significantly (P less than 0.001) higher plasma insulin concentrations than the normotensives, high blood pressure was significantly (P less than 0.01) more frequent among non-Hispanic whites than Mexican-Americans regardless of diabetes status. After adjusting for factors (age, sex, body mass, and body fat distribution) known to affect insulin levels, a direct relationship between post-glucose plasma insulin concentrations and prevalence of hypertension was still present in both ethnic groups. In Mexican-Americans, however, the standardized prevalence of hypertension was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower at any given insulin concentration. Post-glucose plasma glucose levels also were directly related to hypertension prevalence in both groups; again, the regression line was shifted downward and, furthermore, less steep (P less than 0.02) in Mexican-Americans, suggesting relative protection against the negative effect of hyperglycaemia on blood pressure. Dyslipidaemia (higher total cholesterol and triglyceride, and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations) was strongly associated with hyperinsulinaemia and blood pressure in both ethnic groups. After adjusting for plasma insulin, only hypertriglyceridaemia was associated with high blood pressure, with no inter-ethnic difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:High blood pressure and insulin resistance: influence of ethnic background. 190 31

The chronic effects of tolbutamide on myocardial contractility of the diabetic heart during ischemia and reperfusion were evaluated in perfused, isolated rat hearts. Five experimental groups were used: (1) control rats (C), (2) insulin dependent diabetic rats (IDDM, single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) in male Sprague-Dawley rats), (3) non insulin dependent diabetic rats (NIDDM; single subcutaneous injection of 90 mg/kg STZ in 5 day neonates), (4) tolbutamide-treated IDDM and (5) NIDDM (T-IDDM, T-NIDDM; giving tolbutamide 100 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks via an orogastric tube every day, respectively). At 14 weeks of age, experiments were performed using a Langendorff perfused heart preparation. After equilibration, T (myocardial developed tension), +dT/dt (contraction velocity), -dT/dt (relaxation velocity) and RT (resting tension) were measured during a 15 min period of global ischemia, followed by reperfusion for 20 min. Basal values of T increased in both T-IDDM and T-NIDDM, compared to IDDM and NIDDM, respectively. The percent recovery rate of +dT/dt in T-IDDM increased significantly during both ischemia and reperfusion, but the change in T-NIDDM was not significant. The recovery rates of -dT/dt in T-IDDM and T-NIDDM were significantly higher throughout reperfusion than in IDDM and NIDDM, respectively. On the other hand, that of T in T-IDDM and T-NIDDM were significantly higher than IDDM and NIDDM throughout ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. The RT was significantly higher in IDDM than in C and NIDDM throughout ischemia and reperfusion. The RT was significantly lower during ischemia in IDDM, but it did not differ significantly from IDDM during reperfusion. These results indicate that chronic oral administration of tolbutamide directly improved myocardial contractility throughout ischemia and reperfusion regardless of the improvement of glycemia. The improvement was also greater in IDDM than in NIDDM.
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PMID:Chronic effects of tolbutamide on myocardial tension during ischemia and reperfusion in perfused hearts isolated from insulin dependent and non insulin dependent diabetic rats. 192 Aug 21

Along with the recent progress in controlling the diabetic state during pregnancy, the number of diabetic pregnancies in our country has been increasing. It is not appropriate to apply White's classification to Japanese pregnant women, because more than two-thirds are NIDDM and it is not easy to clarify their duration of illness. Neonatal complications were analyzed in 160 infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) who were admitted to Tokyo Women's Medical College over the past five years. All were inborn except four. Neonatal outcomes of IDDM and NIDDM were not statistically different. The overall incidence of neonatal complications in IDMs was 66%, and there were no neonatal deaths. Offspring whose mothers had been suffering from retinopathy were likely to be premature and light-for-date infants. A planned pregnancy in diabetic women is likely to decrease neonatal complications. The cooperative total care of diabetic mothers and their offspring by respective specialists, namely endocrinologists, obstetricians and neonatologists is essential for the better prognosis of infants of diabetic mothers.
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PMID:Perinatal morbidity of infants of diabetic mothers. 195 39

To assess the changes of calcium metabolism and osteopathy in patients with diabetes. Serum Ca, P, AKP, PTH, CT, plasma fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1 as well as X-ray film of the lumbar spine were measured in 30 diabetes patients; 11 were IDDM and 19 were NIDDM as compared to controls matched for age and sex. There were no significant differences in Ca, P, and CT values in serum between the IDDM and NIDDM patients and controls, whereas the serum levels of PTH and AKP were significant increased in IDDM patients. The incidence of osteoporosis which was shown by X-ray film in NIDDM patients was higher than in those of controls. No correlation between PTH value and osteoporosis or clinical control of diabetes was observed.
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PMID:Calcium metabolism and osteopathy in diabetes mellitus. 195 49


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