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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the periodontal status of 85 12-18 year-old French adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and 38 healthy controls in the same age group. The clinical examination consisted of plaque control and gingival inflammation evaluation and probing attachment level. The interproximal marginal bone level was assessed with bitewing radiographs taken on the first molars and on areas presenting an attachment loss over 2 mm. Diabetic children had significantly more gingival inflammation than children without diabetes, in spite of similar plaque scores. No significant relation between gingival condition and age, Tanner's index, HbAlc level or disease duration could be demonstrated. None of the subjects had sites with attachment loss > or = 3 mm or radiographic signs of periodontitis.
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PMID:Periodontal status in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents. 143 Feb 90

Conflicting reports exist in dental literature on the relationship of diabetes mellitus to periodontal disease. Among the controversies about this relation, the role played by the age of patient has been widely investigated. Some authors, in fact, reported an increased prevalence and severity of gingivitis and periodontitis in children and young individuals with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in comparison to healthy subjects, while other researchers were not able to confirm this finding. In particular some authors postulated the hypothesis that the diabetic state could influence periodontal conditions just after the age of 30-35. The aim of the present study has been to verify this hypothesis. One hundred thirty-two subjects participated in this study; among them 66 were IDDM patients and 66 were healthy controls comparable to the diabetics for the main epidemiological features. In particular, control subjects were similar to the diabetics for oral hygiene level in order not to attribute eventually occurring differences by mistake to the diabetic state instead of to a not comparable amount of bacterial plaque present on the teeth. Among 66 IDDM patients 33 were younger than 30 (medium age = 14; extremes: 6-22) and were indicated as DG (young diabetics) group; others 33 were older than 30 (medium age = 45.1; extremes: 31-66) and were indicated as DA (adult diabetics) group. A similar differentiation was made in the control group obtaining, in this way, two subgroups (CG = young controls and CA = adult controls). In the diabetic groups males were 53% while among controls they represented 58%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The influence of the "age factor" on periodontal conditions in the diabetic patient]. 150 26

In the last years, a plasmatic fibrinogen increase, a fibrinolytic system activity reduction and platelet activation, seemed to play a significant role on the genesis and progression of atheromatous plaques, especially when combined to a plasmatic lipoprotein increase. The results obtained in normolipidaemic patients (2000 asymptomatic subjects, 364 non-insulin diabetic patients randomly divided into 2 groups, treated and not treated with bezafibrate 400 mg/daily, 69 nifedipine-30 mg/daily-treated subjects, and 38 patients submitted to nifedipine-30 mg/daily-combined to indobufen-400 mg/daily-therapy), are reported. The results obtained in hyperlipidaemics (blood cholesterol level > 240 mg/dl; 356 patients, randomly divided into 2 groups, treated and not treated with bezafibrate 400 mg/daily, 56 patients with simvastatin 40 mg/daily and 85 with low saturated fat and low cholesterol diet), are also reported. Follow-up of all the patients was 4 years, but the simvastatin group followed-up only 1 year. An ultrasound examination of carotid and femoral arteries was performed in all the patients by means of a Duplex Scanner ATL Ultramark 5, with a high resolution probe (10 MHz). Subjects were graded into I-VI classes, according to the vessel progressive atherosclerotic impairment. In normolipidaemics, wall atheromatous changes were seen with increasing frequency with age, and a significant relationship among plaque progression rate and developed cerebrovascular symptoms, developed symptomatic peripheral symptoms, increased cardiovascular events and mortality rate, was evidenced. Non-insulin dependent diabetes, combined to normal levels of blood lipoproteins, appears an independent risk factor, superimposable to hyperlipidaemia. In this group of patients, bezafibrate therapy significantly reduced plaque progression, acting on blood coagulation factors and similar results were obtained in nifedipine and nifedipine plus indobufen groups. Also in hyperlipidaemics treated with diet, simvastatin and bezafibrate, the plaque progression was significantly reduced with respect to control group, especially when blood lipoproteins and coagulation were normalized. In conclusion, hyperlipidaemia, Ca++ and blood coagulation disorders, appear to be the main factors affecting the plaque progression, and the prevalence of each factor in the atheroma development must be well evaluated in the single patients to establish an adequate therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:[Modern trends in the therapy of arteriosclerosis in the light of new physiopathological findings]. 184 88

The prevalence of periodontitis was studied in a population of 157 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients aged 8-78 years attending the outpatients diabetic clinic of a large general hospital in Cork, Ireland. Every third diabetic patient attending the clinic was selected for examination. The dental parameters measured were plaque index (PI), gingivitis index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PD) and periodontal attachment loss (PAL). Diabetic control was measured by estimating percentage haemoglobin glycolysation (% Hb Alc) known duration of diabetes (KDD) and insulin dependence. It was found that none of the diabetic measurements showed any consistent pattern in relation to any of the periodontal measurements. The findings are in agreement with other studies which suggest that no significant correlation between diabetic parameters and periodontal disease can be demonstrated. When the diabetic patient suffered periodontitis it was due to factors (such as genetic predisposition) other than impaired glucose metabolism.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease in an Irish population. 253 53

During the fall of 1979, 22/250 Swedish UN soldiers serving in Egypt were hospitalized with fever and gastroenteritis associated with aseptic meningitis. One of the 22 developed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) 10 weeks following the infection. The majority of the 22 patients showed significant titer rise for coxsackievirus B by plaque reduction neutralization test. The serology results indicate that coxsackievirus B4 most likely caused the outbreak. All 22 were also tested for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies and islet cell surface antibodies and found negative. The individual developing diabetes mellitus had the HLA-DR phenotype 3,4, which is associated with IDDM.
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PMID:An outbreak of coxsackievirus B infection followed by one case of diabetes mellitus. 298 80

Blood mononuclear cells obtained from 17 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients treated with insulin for 5-7 days were assessed for the number of spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated immunoglobulin-secreting cells in a reverse haemolytic plaque assay. The spontaneous in vitro immunoglobulin secretion was evanescent and decreased in individual patients within 1-4 months of insulin treatment. Compared to matched controls, 53% (9/17) of the IDDM patients had an elevated spontaneous secretion of immunoglobulin, 41% (7/17) for IgG, 35% (6/17) for IgM, and 35% (6/17) for IgA. The quantities of PWM-stimulated IgG, IgM, or IgA secreting cells in IDDM were comparable to the controls. The IDDM patients with spontaneous immunoglobulin secreting cells had higher fasting C-peptide levels compared to the patients with immunoglobulin-producing cells within the normal range (P less than 0.05). The average titre of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies was 1:26 in (9 out of 9 were positive) patients with, compared to 1:1 in patients (4 out of 8 were positive) without spontaneous secretion (P = 0.025). These results suggest that the clinical onset of IDDM is associated with a polyclonal B lymphocyte activation and that higher levels of fasting C-peptide islet cell antibodies are associated with this immunoregulatory abnormality.
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PMID:Spontaneous in vitro immunoglobulin secretion at the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes. 637 49

The following immunological functions were studied in a case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with Graves' disease: (1) Lymphocyte subpopulations, (2) mitogen response, (3) immunoglobulin producing cells by the plaque forming cell assay, (4) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and (5) natural killer activity were normal. The patient lacked antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. No conclusion could be drawn as to whether effector cells mediating natural (NK cell) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (K cell) are identical or different. However, the existence of such a case strongly suggests that the K cell is distinct from the NK cell. To resolve the question of whether or not a loss of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity plays an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease, further studies on a large number of cases are necessary.
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PMID:A case of K cell deficiency with diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease. 668 43

This study compared the periodontal status of a juvenile diabetic study group with that of a non-diabetic control group similar in age and sex. The study group consisted of 26 type I diabetic patients with an average age of 13.42 years and 24 control subjects of similar age. The diabetic subjects were evaluated with glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) to obtain a measure of diabetic control. Clinical periodontal evaluations were performed for all teeth in each subject, and consisted of the plaque index, gingival fluid flow, gingival index, probing depths, clinical attachment levels, recession, and bleeding on probing. Analysis of the data demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the overall means for the 2 groups for average attachment loss, probing depths, recession, gingival index, plaque index, gingival fluid flow, or bleeding on probing. There was no significant association between the level of control of diabetes (GHb) and clinical variables. However, comparisons based on site-specific measurements showed the gingival index to be somewhat higher among the diabetics (p = 0.0002), and examination of interaction effect plots showed the diabetic group to have higher average gingival index for most teeth and higher or the same plaque index levels on all teeth relative to controls. Thus, a young study population with type I diabetes mellitus was found to have significantly increased severity of inflammatory gingival disease compared to controls of similar age.
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PMID:Periodontal disease and type I diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. 777 67

Protracted diarrhea with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypothyroidism in a 9 month old Japanese girl who was firmly suspected to have autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is reported. Her severe secretory diarrhea failed to respond to intensive antidiarrheic treatment and was gradually improved with steroid therapy. The circulating autoantibodies to enterocytes in her serum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique and the impaired suppressor T (Ts) cell function was proved by plaque forming assay using bead-separated CD4 or CD8 T cells together with CD19 B cells. The anti-enterocyte antibodies were exclusively of immunoglobulin M (IgM) class and were detected with the progress of the protracted diarrhea. Maximum antibody titer was obtained at the onset of DM and the disappearance of autoantibodies was associated with the resolution of the clinical symptoms and signs. The helper functions of adult CD4 T cells to induce Ig-secreting cells from adult and the patient were strikingly suppressed by adult CD8 T cells. However, the CD8 T cells from the patient lost the ability to inhibit the induction of these Ig-secreting cells when stimulated with adult CD4 T cells. Moreover, the patient's CD8 T cells stimulated rather than suppressed the induction of Ig-secreting cells from the patient when stimulated with the patient's CD4 T cells. These results suggest that the impaired Ts cell function in this patient might play some immunological role in the pathogenesis of AIE.
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PMID:A case of intractable diarrhea firmly suspected to have autoimmune enteropathy. 790 1

Alterations in the connective tissue of the arterial wall have been suggested to play a role in the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. The present study deals with changes in the content of GAG in aortic tunica media in human diabetes by separately analysing normal areas and areas with fibrous plaques. The thoracic aorta from 15 diabetic patients (7 with IDDM, 8 with NIDDM), and 30 sex- and age-matched non-diabetic subjects were collected at autopsy. Tunica intima was removed and GAG were isolated from the dried defatted and pulverized tunica media. GAG were quantified by uronic acid analysis and characterized by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Results showed that IDDM patients had a relative and absolute increase in hyaluronic acid in normal tunica media compared to non-diabetic subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between hyaluronic acid content of normal tunica media and duration of diabetes, but not between hyaluronic acid content and age. When tunica media from plaque areas was compared to normal areas the same pattern was evident in diabetic patients as in non-diabetic patients--significantly increased proportion of dermatan sulphate and reduced hyaluronic acid. The data agree with the notion that the arterial wall is subject to different pathological processes in diabetes, one of classical atherosclerosis with changes in GAG similar to non-diabetic subjects, and the other seen in areas without plaques with dissimilar alterations in GAG. These data therefore support the concept of the presence of a macrovascular disease in diabetes different from atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Glycosaminoglycans in the human aorta in diabetes mellitus: a study of tunica media from areas with and without atherosclerotic plaque. 817 43


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