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Query: UMLS:C0011854 (type 1 diabetes)
 20,749 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studying the space-time variation of risk for a given disease may give etiological clues and suggestions for planning further studies to investigate the underlying causes. When the observed events are rare, approaches based on maximum likelihood may lead to unstable and largely uninformative estimates of risk and of its time trend due to Poisson sampling variation. In this paper we propose a general Bayesian model for analyzing the variation of risk in space and time. We applied the Bayesian model to the analysis of the geographical variation of breast cancer mortality, to an ecological study on the correlation between lung cancer mortality and degree of urbanization and industrialization and to the analysis of the space-time variation of cumulative prevalence of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) as observed in military examinations between 1954 and 1989.
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PMID:[Bayesian analysis of ecological studies]. 764 60

Feeding of breast milk in the first weeks of life appears to have a strong protective effect against necrotising enterocolitis. Nevertheless breast milk also seems to be positively linked to the development of jaundice and to late haemorrhagic disease in infants who have not received vitamin K supplements. There is no consistent evidence that other childhood conditions such as insulin dependent diabetes or cancer are less prevalent among children who have been breast fed. Among adult conditions suggested to be less prevalent in the breast fed, only single reports of significant findings for multiple sclerosis and breast cancer exist and convincing corroboration is not available. There are a number of studies that indicate a relationship between breast feeding and later cholesterol levels--and one that has considered the mortality of ischaemic heart disease among adult males. There is some suggestion that breast feeding (during the first year of life) is the optimal protection against future raised lipid levels and mortality from coronary heart disease, but the evidence is far from conclusive. The major health advantage of breast feeding that has been clearly demonstrated remains in the protection of the infant from certain infections in early life. If there are other long-term health advantages they have yet to be fully elucidated and confirmed.
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PMID:Does breast feeding have any impact on non-infectious, non-allergic disorders? 936 22

Extending the method for two-point linkage analysis [Zhao et al., 1998: Am J Med Genet 77:366-383], this paper introduces a semiparametric method for multipoint linkage analysis, expected to gain efficiency by using multiple markers simultaneously. Overcoming the longstanding statistical and computational challenge to the parametric approaches (or lod score methods) for multipoint linkage analysis, this semiparametric approach, based on the estimating equation technique, yields statistically efficient and yet robust estimates and enjoys the computational efficiency in processing multiple markers from large pedigrees. Its computational burden increases linearly with the sizes of pedigrees and with the number of marker loci. To illustrate this semiparametric method, we apply it to marker data gathered for the Breast Cancer Consortium. The result supports the earlier finding of the positive linkage with BRCA1 and has also shown that the multipoint linkage analysis has an improved power. In addition, we have applied this method to analyze genome scanning data that have been used to localize genes responsible for type 1 diabetes. In support of the earlier findings, the genome scanning detects the linkage signals on chromosome 6 but does not support the earlier suggestions of two major genes in that genome segment. Through sensitivity analysis, it appears that the results are robust to misspecification of penetrance and allele frequency.
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PMID:An efficient, robust, and unified method for mapping complex traits (II): multipoint linkage analysis. 973 69

The aim of our review is to summarize common genetic variations of some receptors associated with clinical consequences, which were not outlined in the previous special issue of this journal. Because of the multiple pathomechanisms of diseases, a set of genetic variation can play a role in the development of pathological conditions. From the data available three articles would merit a greater interest. In systemic lupus erythematosus the associations related to some polymorphisms of Fc-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha- and interferon receptor may explore new autoimmunological and inflammatorical pathomechanisms. In the endocrinology, the androgen receptor repeat polymorphism will exert significant aspects in the development of prostate cancer. The pleoitropic responsibility of vitamin D3 receptor polymorphism in the pathogenesis of immunological disorders (primary biliary cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus) and of malignancies (malignant melanoma, breast cancer) shed light on the importance of common nuclear receptors. Nevertheless, in the future studies a more consistent approach minimizing requirement bias in the selection of patients will approve our understanding the role of genetic influence on the pathogenesis of diseases.
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PMID:Receptor polymorphisms and diseases. 1123 Sep 90

Diabetic fibrous mastopathy, an unusual finding in patients with early onset, long-standing insulin dependent diabetes, can present as a palpable mass with mammographic and sonographic findings highly suggestive of breast cancer. These suspicious clinical and imaging findings necessitate a biopsy, which demonstrates characteristic findings of dense, keloid scarring and intralobular lymphocytic infiltrates. We present 2 cases of diabetic fibrous mastopathy with characteristic mammographic, sonographic, and pathologic findings diagnosed with ultrasound guided core needle biopsy and confirmed with surgical excision. In the appropriate clinical setting, a patient with long-standing insulin dependent diabetes with a firm, mobile breast mass and characteristic sonographic findings of a hypoechoic mass with lobulation and marked posterior acoustic shadowing should suggest the possibility of diabetic fibrous mastopathy. Awareness of this entity may obviate the need for surgical excision in patients whose clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings are consistent with diabetic fibrous mastopathy.
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PMID:Diabetic Fibrous Mastopathy: Case Reports and Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. 1134 3

Therapeutic antibodies directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and against the human EGF receptor-2 (HER2) receptor for the treatment of breast cancer have provided significant clinical benefit for the patients. The success of these antibodies has also provided strong support for the possibility that increased activity of cytokines or growth factors is causally implicated in a variety of human diseases. Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) is induced by viruses (linked by epidemiological studies to autoimmune diseases), has significant direct effects on both epithelial cells and the immune system, and then can be further induced by the autoantibodies and apoptotic cells generated by the actions of IFN-alpha. The direct and deleterious impact on target tissues, the ability to induce an autoimmune response, and the potential for a self-sustaining cycle of induction and damage suggests that IFN-alpha could be a pivotal factor in the development of autoimmune diseases. This review will evaluate the rationale for, possible approaches to, and safety concerns associated with, targeting interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. While the approach may be applicable to several autoimmune diseases, there will be an emphasis on systemic lupus erythematosus and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Neutralizing interferon alpha as a therapeutic approach to autoimmune diseases. 1265 Dec 25

We derive a multivariate survival model for age of onset data of a sibship from an additive genetic gamma frailty model constructed basing on the inheritance vectors, and investigate the properties of this model. Based on this model, we propose a retrospective likelihood approach for genetic linkage analysis using sibship data. This test is an allele-sharing-based test, and does not require specification of genetic models or the penetrance functions. This new approach can incorporate both affected and unaffected sibs, environmental covariates and age of onset or age at censoring information and, therefore, provides a practical solution for mapping genes for complex diseases with variable age of onset. Small simulation study indicates that the proposed method performs better than the commonly used allele-sharing-based methods for linkage analysis, especially when the population disease rate is high. We applied this method to a type 1 diabetes sib pair data set and a small breast cancer data set. Both simulated and real data sets also indicate that the method is relatively robust to the misspecification to the baseline hazard function.
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PMID:Multivariate survival models induced by genetic frailties, with application to linkage analysis. 1293 24

Diabetic mastopathy, although reported since 1984, is a poorly recognized diabetes complication. It more frequently affects pre-menopausal women with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and microvascular complications. The pathogenesis of this condition is believed to involve mammary tissue autoimmune reaction to the accumulation of abnormal matrix proteins, caused by hyperglycemia. The lesion often simulates breast cancer; its recognition, therefore, is important to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures and surgical treatments. We now report a case of diabetic mastopathy which clinically simulated breast cancer in a young pre-menopausal diabetic woman who, after sonography and mammography, was suggested surgery under suspicion of breast cancer. Histopathological examination by core-biopsy ruled out malignancy.
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PMID:Diabetic mastopathy: a case report. 1459 23

Type 2 diabetes is a serious health problem that affects more than 7% of adults in developed countries. Up to 16% of patients with breast cancer have diabetes, and two major risk factors for type 2 diabetes-old age and obesity-are also associated with breast cancer. Three mechanisms have been postulated to associate diabetes with breast cancer: activation of the insulin pathway, activation of the insulin-like-growth-factor pathway, and regulation of endogenous sex hormones. Comparative cohort studies and case-control studies suggest that type 2 diabetes may be associated with 10-20% excess relative risk of breast cancer. Gestational diabetes mellitus, but not type 1 diabetes, might also be associated with excess risk of breast cancer. Moreover, diabetes and its complications can adversely affect cancer therapy and the use of screening, which will thus affect the outcome of patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and breast cancer. 1568 19

Diabetic mastopathy is an uncommon tumor-like proliferation of fibrous tissue of the breast that usually occurs in a patient who has suffered from type I diabetes mellitus of long duration. Here we report a rare case of diabetic mastopathy that occurred in type II non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. This patient was a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman. Mammography, ultrasonography and MR imaging could not distinguish it from breast cancer. Although the core needle biopsy specimen showed fibrosis without evidence of malignancy, excisional biopsy was performed. Histological findings demonstrated typical diabetic mastopathy with keloid-like fibrosis, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, and lymphocytic lobulitis without evidence of malignancy. These lymphocytes were composed predominantly of B-cells. Five months after surgical biopsy, a nodular formation approximately 4 cm in diameter recurred adjacent to the resected end of the biopsy.
Breast Cancer 2006
PMID:An uncommon case of diabetic mastopathy in type II non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 1675 19


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