Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently new radioimmunoassay methods have been established to measure plasma concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), platelet release products which are set free when platelets aggregate. Plasma concentrations of beta-TG and PF4 were investigated in disorders with increased thromboembolic risk. Extremely high concentrations of these platelet proteins were found in patients with venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, polycythemia vera, and chronic renal failure. Moderately increased beta-TG and PF4 levels were observed in patients with peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, and diabetes mellitus. These data indicate, that plasma concentrations of beta-TG and PF4 are useful parameters for the evaluation of the "in vivo" platelet activity. By using these new methods for clinical applications special blood sampling conditions have been taken into account; moreover one has to consider that the plasma levels of the platelet "release products" are dependent from renal function.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of the radioimmunological determination of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4]. 9 43

The enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is widely distributed throughout the body, notably kidney, seminal vesicles, pancreas, liver, spleen and brain. Being one of the enzymes of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, it is involved in aminoacid transport, catalysing a transpeptidation reaction between gamma-glutamyl peptides and most common amino acids. Methods of assay of the enzyme are based on its ability also to act on synthetic amides of glutamic acid; kinetic methods monitoring the release of p-nitroaniline from the substrate L-gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide are the most satisfactory. In diseases of the liver, the highest levels occur in association with cirrhosis, alcoholism, hepatic secondaries and cholestasis. As the enzyme is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte, its activity is increased in situations leading to microsomal enzyme induction. Raised levels can also occur in pancreatitis, diabetes, myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal failure, cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral tumours and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although the lack of specificity must be recognised, the estimation can be useful in the elucidation of some clearly defined problems arising during investigation of patients with suspected hepatic disease, especially where performed as part of a biochemical profile.
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PMID:Role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. 24 76

During the period 1971-4, Torulopsis glabrata formed 42% of yeasts isolated from 5677 clinical specimens from patients with cancers, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, pregnacy or major surgical operations complicated by mycotic infections. The significance of T. glabrata in these patients is discussed.
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PMID:Torulopsis glabrata infections in Singapore: a 4-year study. 26 38

The prevalence and causes of anemia have been studied in 104 patients over 60 years of age admitted to a general medical ward in Jerusalem. In males and females, mean hemoglobin levels were about 1 g less than in the corresponding groups of healthy younger controls. A primary nutritional anemia could not be implicated in any of the 15 patients with hemoglobins below 11 g/dl. The most important causes of anemia were chronic renal failure, metastatic carcinoma, gastrointestinal bleeding, and infection. Conversely, in diseases with no adverse effect on erythropoiesis such as chronic ischemic heart disease, hypertension and diabetes, hemoglobin levels were equal to those of the younger controls. These findings indicate that although diminished serum iron and RBC folate levels may occasionally be found in elderly subjects, nutritional deficiency is seldom responsible for anemia in this age group in Israel- and anemia when present is often the manifestation of a chronic underlying disease.
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PMID:Prevalence and causes of anemia in elderly hospitalized patients. 31 45

A 41-year-old man who had suffered from insulin-dependent diabetes since the age of twenty and who had severe degenerative complications with chronic renal failure, underwent pancreatic transplantation. The graft was prepared by intraduct injection of neoprene in order to suppress the exocrine function of the gland. It was situated in the iliac fossa and has ensured the complete correction of diabetes for more than 10 months. This favourable situation made it possible to carry out a renal transplant which could not have been envisaged previously in this patient with very unstable and progressive diabetes who was dialysed under very difficult conditions.
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PMID:[A new method of pancreatic transplantation. II. Double renal and pancreatic transplantation in a diabetic with renal failure (author's transl)]. 34 28

Current information on the nature, pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic glomerulosclerosis is reviewed. The fundamental lesion is one of the glomerular basement membrane, a complex layer of collage-like and other peptides; thickening of this membrane, seen microscopically, is due to the presence of an increased amount of membrane material of normal composition. There is little reliable evidence relating the frequency of glomerulosclerosis to the quality of control of the diabetic state, but indirect evidence from patients with secondary diabetes and from a variety of studies in animals indicates strongly that the glomerular lesion is a consequence of the abnormal metabolic state and can be prevented by adequate treatment of the diabetes. A concept of the pathogenesis of the glomerular lesions and renal failure is presented, but there remain large gaps in knowledge of the mechanisms involved. Treatment of chronic renal failure by maintenance renal dialysis and renal transplantation is not as successful in persons with diabetes as in those without this condition; however, the results appear to be improving, and transplantation particularly holds much promise.
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PMID:Diabetic glomerulosclerosis: current status. 35 65

Fourteen juvenile-onset diabetic patients accepted for renal transplantation and maintained on chronic peritoneal dialysis during a 3-year period were compared with a similar group of 43 patients accepted for renal transplantation and maintained on hemodialysis. The 1-year survival in each group was similar (52% on chronic peritoneal dialysis; 55% on hemodialysis), but there was a striking difference in progressive morbidity. Seven patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis were blind in one or both eyes at the onset, and visual acuity improved in two, including one bilaterally blind patient who achieved 20/35 vision bilaterally; none worsened. In the hemodialysis group, 12 patients were totally blind in one or both eyes and 11 additional patients became blind or had severe deterioration in vision; none improved. Neuropathy progressed in only 1 patient on chronic peritoneal dialysis, whereas it worsened in 17 patients on hemodialysis--9 to the extent that they needed braces or canes or were nonambulatory. All patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis were home trained and were dialyzed at night, with seven being able to work full or part time; virtually none of the patients on hemodialysis were able to work. Chronic peritoneal dialysis was relatively free of technical complication, and no significant difficulty was encountered in diabetic control, in the anephric state, or during abdominal surgery. Chronic peritoneal dialysis appears to have less associated morbidity than does hemodialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Chronic peritoneal dialysis in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus: a comparison with hemodialysis. 36 85

Coincidence of chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus brings with it serious therapeutic problems, especially in dietetic treatment. It is not possible to wish to do justice to all the therapeutic principles of the text books to the same extent. The condition of renal failure with its demands takes precedence in all cases. But if the renal disease has not yet led to a perceptible retention of normal urinary constituents in the serum, no specific dietary measures are necessary. In these cases, the diabetic diet is proceded with in the usual manner.
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PMID:[Dietetic therapy of diabetes and renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. 40 67

The nephrotoxic effects of radiographic contrast media (RCM) used for excretory urography and angiography are described in 9 patients. These effects are usually temporary and reversible, but may be permanent. Predisposing factors resulting in renal damage are identified and discussed. These include diabetes, dehydration, myelomatosis, chronic renal failure of many causes and repeated administrations of contrast media with a short period. Suggestions are made in order to reduce the incidence and severity of functional renal impairment after administration of contrast media.
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PMID:Acute renal failure after use of radiographic contrast media. 74 Dec 76

Four patients developed miliary tuberculosis while undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Two patients had diabetes mellitus. Three of the four patients were hemodialyzed 18--24 months prior to the onset of symptoms. Signs and symptoms included prolonged fever, pleural effusion, pericarditis with pericardial effusion, abdominal pain, weight loss, and ascites. All patients were PPD negative and without historical or radiographic evidence of latent tuberculosis. Disseminated tuberculosis was proven at autopsy in three patients. M. tuberculosis was eventually recovered from pleural fluid and urine in the fourth patient. The immune deficiencies of chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus are suspected predisposing factors to the development of miliary tuberculosis in these patients.
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PMID:Unusual presentation of tuberculosis in chronic hemodialysis patients. 89 Oct 49


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