Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood pressure dynamicity during tilt table measurement is discussed. We analyzed ECG and BP parameters from 14 normotensive young healthy volunteers, 15 old healthy volunteers, and two groups of hypertensive patients--20 non-medicated hypertensive subjects with no other known complications and 21 hypertensive non-medicated subjects with confirmed obesity (according to waist circumference), hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus. The dynamic parameters, such as pulse pressure, maximum of derivative BP, difference between maximum and minimum of derivative BP and SBP peak--DBP depression time were obtained from derivative continuous blood pressure signal recordings. We have found that the age factor plays a more significant role in dynamic parameters change and in inter-group differentiation than additional risk factors of hypertensive subjects.
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PMID:Blood pressure dynamics in hypertensive subjects during tilt table test. 1800 12

We hypothesized that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1, -2 (TIMP-1, -2) would be abnormal in diabetes and in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We measured MMP-2, -9, and TIMP-1, -2 plasma levels in healthy subjects (controls), in type 2 diabetic patients, in nondiabetic patients with ACS (ACS) and in diabetic patients with ACS (DACS). We enrolled 165 controls, 181 diabetic patients, 78 ACS, and 46 DACS. We measured also BMI (body mass index), HbA(1c) (glycated hemoglobin) FPG (fasting plasma glucosa), FPI (fasting plasma insulin), HOMA index (homeostasis model assessment index), SBP (systolic blood pressure), DBP (diastolic blood pressure), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), Tg (triglycerides), Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), Hct (homocysteine), Fg (fibrinogen), and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). A significant increase of BMI was observed in the diabetic group, in ACS and DACS patients compared to controls. A significant increase of SBP and DBP resulted in the diabetic and DACS groups, while only SBP improvement was present in ACS patients with respect to controls. A decrease in SBP and DBP was observed in the ACS group, while SBP variation was present in DACS patients compared to diabetics, and DBP increase was obtained in the DACS group with respect to ACS patients. TC, LDL-C, Tg, and Lp(a) increase was present in diabetics, while TC, Tg, and Lp(a) improvement was present in ACS and DACS patients with a significant decrease of HDL-C levels in diabetic, ACS, and DACS groups compared to controls. A decrease in LDL-C was obtained in ACS and DACS groups, while HDL-C increase was observed in these patients with respect to diabetics. Tg levels were higher in the DACS group compared to diabetics and ACS patients, respectively. Increases in PAI-1, Hct, Fg, and hs-CRP were present in diabetic and DACS groups, while PAI-1, Hct, and hs-CRP improvement was obtained in ACS patients with respect to controls. Higher PAI-1 levels came about in ACS and DACS groups, while HCT and Fg levels were lower in ACS patients compared to diabetics. An increase in Fg was present in the DACS group with respect to ACS patients. A decrease in Hs-CRP was observed in DACS patients compared to diabetics and the ACS group, respectively. Higher MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 levels were present in diabetic, ACS, and DACS patients compared to controls. Significant MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 increases were observed in ACS and DACS groups, while MMP-9 decreased in these patients compared to diabetics. In conclusion, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 plasma levels were higher in diabetic, ACS, and DACS patients, which may reflect abnormal extracellular matrix metabolism in diabetes and in acute coronary syndrome.
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PMID:Comparison between metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in healthy subjects, diabetics, and subjects with acute coronary syndrome. 1804 92

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme present in serum and on most cell surfaces and serves as an oxidative stress marker. Although serum GGT is associated with hypertension development, little data are available on the associations between GGT and hypertension among populations with diabetes mellitus (DM). Our aim was to investigate the potential association between the changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and the GGT level in type 2 DM subjects, in comparison with non-DM subjects. In 179 non-DM and 177 DM subjects, SBP/DBP, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, serum asparate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and GGT were measured at the baseline and after a 1-year period. Between these 2-measurement points, in non-DM subjects, SBP and DBP levels were significantly increased, while GGT tended to increase. In contrast, in DM subjects, the mean levels of SBP, DBP and GGT remained unchanged. Multivariate analysis revealed that in non-DM subjects the degree of increase in SBP was significantly and positively correlated to that of GGT (beta = 0.165), along with age and BMI. Likewise, the increase in DBP was correlated to that of GGT in non-DM subjects (beta = 0.170). In contrast, in DM subjects, the degree of increase in SBP was significantly correlated to that of only GGT (beta = 0.166). These results suggest that the presence of DM may attenuate the effects of GGT on DBP.
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PMID:The association between an increased level of gamma-glutamyl transferase and systolic blood pressure in diabetic subjects. 1844 7

Favorable effects of exercise training on cardiovascular prognosis have been reported repeatedly in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). However, little is known about the cardiovascular rehabilitation effects in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study has evaluated the benefits of combined aerobic-resistance training in two groups of patients--diabetics and non-diabetics--after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Changes in exercise capacity parameters, resting cardiovascular and anthropometrical parameters were evaluated in 77 patients who completed 12-weeks of combined aerobic-resistance training: 32 patients with DM2 (DM) and 45 patients without DM2 (NDM). Significant improvements in exercise capacity (total peak workload [W(peak)], peak workload per kg of body weight [W(peak)/kg], total peak oxygen uptake [VO(2peak)], peak oxygen uptake per kg of body weight [VO(2peak)/kg]) were found in both DM and NDM (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The decrease in resting heart rate (HR(rest)), resting systolic (SBP(rest)) resting diastolic (DBP(rest)) blood pressures, body weight (BW) and BMI in the DM group was not statistically significant. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in SBP(rest), BW and BMI in the NDM group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated similar beneficial effects of combined cardiovascular training on exercise capacity in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our results suggest that the combined cardiac training is well tolerated and useful in secondary prevention in patients with DM2 and CAD.
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PMID:Benefit of combined cardiac rehabilitation on exercise capacity and cardiovascular parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. 1850 41

Chronic subclinical inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes. We examined whether elevated WBC count, a marker of inflammation, was associated with worsening of glucose tolerance among Chinese population aged 40 years and over. Based on the 75g OGTT, 1016 subjects aged from 40 to 88 years were classified into four groups: NFG/NGT (n=299), isolated IFG (n=213), IGT (n=213) and Type 2 diabetes (n=291). We compared the WBC count among the four groups and investigated relevant variables associated significantly with the WBC count. The IGT and Type 2 diabetes groups had a significantly higher WBC count than the NFG/NGT and isolated IFG groups. By stepwise regression analyses, we found that waist circumference, DBP, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and 2-h PG showed an independent association with the WBC count. In the analysis stratified by sex and smoking status, WBC count was independently associated with age and triglycerides in males, whereas it was associated with BMI, SBP, triglycerides and 2-h PG in females. BMI, SBP, triglycerides and 2-h PG showed an independent association with WBC count in subjects who never smoked. We concluded that an increase in WBC count was associated with the deterioration of glucose tolerance. WBC count was associated with lipid metabolism in males and with various components of the metabolic syndrome in females and subjects who never smoked.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008 Oct
PMID:Association of WBC count and glucose metabolism among Chinese population aged 40 years and over. 1869 86

Human Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased incidence of hypertension and disrupted blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm. Db/db mice have been used extensively as a model of Type 2 diabetes, but their BP is not well characterized. In this study, we used radiotelemetry to define BP and the circadian rhythm in db/db mice. We found that the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures were each significantly increased by 11, 8, and 9 mmHg in db/db mice compared with controls. In contrast, no difference was observed in pulse pressure or heart rate. Interestingly, both the length of time db/db mice were active (locomotor) and the intensity of locomotor activity were significantly decreased in db/db mice. In contrast to controls, the 12-h light period average BP in db/db mice did not dip significantly from the 12-h dark period. A partial Fourier analysis of the continuous 72-h BP data revealed that the power and the amplitude of the 24-h period length rhythm were significantly decreased in db/db mice compared with the controls. The acrophase was centered at 0141 in control mice, but became scattered from 1805 to 0236 in db/db mice. In addition to BP, the circadian rhythms of heart rate and locomotor activity were also disrupted in db/db mice. The mean arterial pressure during the light period correlates with plasma glucose, insulin, and body weight. Moreover, the oscillations of the clock genes DBP and Bmal1 but not Per1 were significantly dampened in db/db mouse aorta compared with controls. In summary, our data show that db/db mice are hypertensive with a disrupted BP, heart rate, and locomotor circadian rhythm. Such changes are associated with dampened oscillations of clock genes DBP and Bmal1 in vasculature.
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PMID:Hypertension and disrupted blood pressure circadian rhythm in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. 1870 47

FGF-21 has been recently characterized as a potent metabolic regulator, but its pathophysiologic role in human remains unknown. In this study we investigate whether plasma FGF-21 level is different in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic ketosis (T2DK). Sixty-eight patients with T2DM, 41 subjects with T2DK, and 52 sex- and age-matched normal controls participated in the study. Plasma FGF-21 levels were measured with a radioimmunoassay. The relationship between plasma FGF-21 levels and anthropometric and metabolic parameters was also analyzed. Plasma FGF-21 levels were higher in patients with T2DK and T2DM than in controls (4.05+/-0.18microg/L and 2.82+/-0.14microg/L vs. 2.28+/-0.16microg/L, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Fasting plasma FGF-21 was found to correlate positively and significantly with SBP, DBP, FBG, 2hPBG, HbA(1)c, HDL-C and FFA, but negatively with fasting plasma insulin, 2hIns and HOMA(IS). Multiple regression analysis showed that DBP, WHR, 2hIns, 2hPBG and FFA were independent to the factors influencing plasma FGF-21 levels. Increasing concentrations of FGF-21 were independently and significantly associated with T2DM and T2DK. The present work suggests that FGF-21 may play a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and T2DK.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008 Nov
PMID:Plasma FGF-21 levels in type 2 diabetic patients with ketosis. 1872 85

Waist circumference (WC) was measured in 200 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM: male 106, female 94, mean age 61 years old) who had been admitted in our hospital, and relationship with various risk factors to predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) was analyzed. There was a positive and statistically significant trend in WC levels with an increasing number of CVD risk factors in male patients, whereas no significant trend of WC was observed in female patients. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for WC to predict the presence of two or more risk factors of CVD depicted greater area under the curve in male patients (0.732) than that in female patients (0.571). Apart from positive correlation with fasting serum C-peptide (S-CPR) and log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (log HS-CRP) in both genders, WC was positively correlated with log-transformed triglyceride (log TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and negatively with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in male patients, whereas it was negatively correlated with HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in female patients. The change of WC after administration (DeltaWC) was correlated with DeltaS-CPR, DeltaLDL-C, DeltaSBP and DeltaDBP in male patients, while no relationship was observed in female patients. In conclusion, WC is a reliable marker to predict future CVD events at least in Japanese male, but not female patients with T2DM.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008 Oct
PMID:Attenuated metabolic effect of waist measurement in Japanese female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1878 39

It has been reported that subjects with prehypertension (pre-HT) (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 80-89 mmHg) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the prevalence and determinants of pre-HT in a Japanese general population. We enrolled 4,706 males and 7,342 females aged 18 to 90 years whose BPs were measured at baseline. The subjects' BPs were classified as follows: normotension (NT: SPB/DBP < 120/80 mmHg), pre-HT (120/80-139/89 mmHg), and hypertension (HT: > or = 140/90 mmHg or treated hypertension). The prevalence of pre-HT was 34.8% (males), and 31.8% (females). Body mass index (BMI) of more than 23.0 kg/m2 was the strongest determinant of pre-HT (Males--BMI: 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-1.79; BMI: 25.0-26.9 kg/m2, OR = 2.20, 95% CI =1.68-2.87; BMI: 27.0-29.9 kg/m2, OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.80-4.19; BMI: > or = 30.0 kg/m2, OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.21-9.46. Females--BMI: 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.42-1.95; BMI: 25.0-26.9 kg/m2, OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.46-2.19; BMI: 27.0-29.9 kg/m2, OR = 3.65, 95% CI = 2.73-4.89; BMI: > or = 30.0 kg/m2, OR = 4.23, 95% CI = 2.33-7.70). The other determinants of pre-HT were hyperlipidemia (Males: OR = 1.25; Females: OR = 1.43), and aging (by 10 years; Males: OR = 1.12; Females: OR = 1.48). Determinants of pre-HT in females were impaired glucose tolerance (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.03-1.94), diabetes (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.16-3.47) and a family history of HT in both parents (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.38-2.62), whereas in males the only other predictor was alcohol drinking (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.23-1.70). In conclusion, even subjects with a mild increase of BMI (23.0-24.9 kg/m2) had an increased risk of pre-HT in a Japanese population, and the level of BMI associated with pre-HT was lower than that in Western countries. Additionally, there were gender differences in the determinants of pre-HT.
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PMID:Prevalence and determinants of prehypertension in a Japanese general population: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. 1895 94

Hypertension places a major burden on individual and public health, but the genetic basis of this complex disorder is poorly understood. We conducted a genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in Amish subjects and found strong association signals with common variants in a serine/threonine kinase gene, STK39. We confirmed this association in an independent Amish and 4 non-Amish Caucasian samples including the Diabetes Genetics Initiative, Framingham Heart Study, GenNet, and Hutterites (meta-analysis combining all studies: n = 7,125, P < 10(-6)). The higher BP-associated alleles have frequencies > 0.09 and were associated with increases of 3.3/1.3 mm Hg in SBP/DBP, respectively, in the Amish subjects and with smaller but consistent effects across the non-Amish studies. Cell-based functional studies showed that STK39 interacts with WNK kinases and cation-chloride cotransporters, mutations in which cause monogenic forms of BP dysregulation. We demonstrate that in vivo, STK39 is expressed in the distal nephron, where it may interact with these proteins. Although none of the associated SNPs alter protein structure, we identified and experimentally confirmed a highly conserved intronic element with allele-specific in vitro transcription activity as a functional candidate for this association. Thus, variants in STK39 may influence BP by increasing STK39 expression and consequently altering renal Na(+) excretion, thus unifying rare and common BP-regulating alleles in the same physiological pathway.
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PMID:From the Cover: Whole-genome association study identifies STK39 as a hypertension susceptibility gene. 1911 57


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