Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1451 patients with IDDM, onset before 1953 and before the age of 30 were followed until death or until 1976. Survival with diabetes, relative survival and the influence of supervision on survival were examined. It is shown that only 50% of the patients survived more than 30 diabetes years. The patients had an overmortality of more than 600% in relation to age and sex matched non-diabetics. Frequent supervisions in the out-patient clinic reduced as well the overmortality as the prevalence of severe complications significantly.
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PMID:The prognosis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and the importance of supervision. 10 28

Serum levels of recently discovered circulating forms of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and L-selectin, were found to be elevated in IDDM patients and in subjects at risk for developing IDDM compared with 100 normal, nondiabetic blood donors. Both adhesion molecules were determined by sandwich ELISA. Serum concentrations of either clCAM-1 or cL-selectin were > 2SD of normal mean in 10 of 14 recent-onset IDDM patients (P < 0.05). Serum levels of clCAM-1 and cL-selectin did not correlate. In first-degree relatives, elevated adhesion molecule levels were observed in the 6 ICA+ individuals and in the ICA- individuals all (n = 14) with a genetic risk of IDDM (sharing HLA-DR3 and/or-DR4 with the diabetic relative) but not in the HLA-DR3- and/or -DR4- relatives (n = 13). We conclude that elevated clCAM-1 and cL-selectin levels occur independently of ICA status and probably reflect ongoing immune processes in recent-onset IDDM patients and first-degree relatives at risk for IDDM.
Diabetes 1992 Dec
PMID:Elevated levels of circulating adhesion molecules in IDDM patients and in subjects at risk for IDDM. 128 Feb 39

Twenty-nine IDDM patients with borderline hypertension were randomly allocated to placebo or nitrendipine treatment. Nitrendipine was given orally at a dosage of 20 mg once daily over 4 weeks. Stimulated platelet thromboxane formation at rest and after standardized, non exhausting exercise was measured by standard methods. In addition, plasma levels of platelet factor 4 and aggregation responses to collagen and ADP were determined. In the treatment group thromboxane formation after stimulation with collagen (0.3 and 1.0 micrograms/ml) and 1 mM arachidonic acid (AA) was reduced in the resting state. Exercise induced change of thromboxane synthesis in response to 1.0 micrograms/ml collagen was significantly lower as compared to placebo (p < 0.05). In parallel, PF4 plasma levels were significantly lowered (p < 0.05). Whole blood aggregation after collagen stimulation (1.0 micrograms/ml) was reduced after 4 weeks of nitrendipine treatment, but ADP (5 microM) induced aggregation was not. These effects of nitrendipine were not seen in platelet rich plasma. In conclusion long-term nitrendipine treatment may inhibit collagen dependent platelet activation in the blood of diabetic patients with borderline hypertension.
Diabetes Res 1992 Mar
PMID:Reduced platelet thromboxane formation after long-term administration of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with nitrendipine in borderline hypertensive patients with IDDM-type diabetes mellitus. 128 47

Recently, human amniotic fluid (HAF) from healthy women was found to stimulate growth and function of pancreatic B-cells. Here, the effect of HAF and serum from healthy probands (HS) was compared with that from probands with gestational (GD), noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM), or insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) on islet function and replication. Rat islets were cultured in the presence of either HAF or HS for 7 d. Insulin content and basal insulin release were not different after exposure of the islets to HAF or HS from healthy or diabetic women. In contrast to HS, HAF provoked the islets to deliver significantly more insulin during culture. Additionally, the same islets exhibited a more intense response to a glucose challenge. The degree of HAF-induced insulin release was not influenced by the type of diabetes. HAF and HS from GD and NIDDM women did not influence the islet DNA synthesis in comparison to HAF and HS from healthy pregnant women. However, HAF but not HS from IDDM pregnant women, elicited a significant increase in islet replication. Most effective in stimulating islet cell replication were HAFs from IDDM pregnant women belonging to the White D-type. It was shown that the relatively high concentration of insulin in the HAFs was not directly responsible for the observed increase of the islet DNA synthesis. HAF from women with long-term diabetes is supposed to contain factor(s) that might directly or indirectly enhance islet replication.
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PMID:Human amniotic fluid obtained from diabetic women. A potent stimulator of islet cell replication. 128 18

According to international consensus, microalbuminuria is defined as an elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of 20-200 micrograms/min, which is below the proteinuric range. Nephropathy is a major complication in IDDM, seen in about 30% of patients after many years of diabetes. Increasing microalbuminuria is an excellent marker of subsequent nephropathy in these patients. End-stage diabetic nephropathy is also important in NIDDM, but in most Western countries this serious complication eventually develops in only 5 to 10% of cases, whereas the majority of patients die before this from cardiovascular disease. In completely healthy individuals there is no clear correlation between age and UAER, at least up to about 70 years of age. The mean excretion rate is around 5 micrograms/min, with a considerable range, but excretion only rarely exceeds 15 micrograms/min. In population studies among middle-aged and elderly individuals, higher values are seen. In newly diagnosed NIDDM about 40% of patients show an excretion rate above 15-20 micrograms/min. There is a significant but not precise correlation between albumin excretion rate and glycemic control, and usually UAER is reduced by standard antidiabetic treatment. In a considerable number of patients, high values cannot be reduced. In the course of NIDDM about 20-30% of patients show microalbuminuria. In patients with known diabetes, microalbuminuria is related not only to subsequent diabetic proteinuria, but even more strongly to early death, mainly from cardiovascular disease. Even slight microalbuminuria (15-40 mg/l in early morning urines) is clearly associated with increased mortality. In subjects with newly detected elevated blood glucose (by screening) microalbuminuria also predicts early mortality. The mechanisms are not established, but several arteriosclerosis-related risk factors are seen more frequently in patients with microalbuminuria, e.g. lipid abnormalities, elevated systolic blood pressure (BP), hemostatic measures, as well other markers of cardiovascular disease. Usually there is a significant but not precise correlation between BP and UAER in groups of patients throughout the course of diabetes. New studies document that also in the elderly background population microalbuminuria is a significant risk factor for early death, maybe even stronger than the established risk markers, which thus may be confounded with the presence of microalbuminuria.
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PMID:Microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 129 5

Socioeconomic development and changes in lifestyles have been accompanied by the emergence of diabetes as a major problem in Eastern Mediterranean countries, but reliable epidemiological data are still scarce and comparability is generally poor. For non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in adults, risk is higher in urban than in rural subjects, and in all populations prevalence increases with advancing age. Whereas several surveys have reported prevalence of the order of 5%, a recent national survey in Oman, which used the full WHO criteria for diagnosis, based upon the 2 hour blood glucose concentration after a 75 g oral glucose load in all subjects, reported a prevalence of diabetes of 10% in those aged 20 years and over. A further 8% of men and 13% of women had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) was reported to be considerably rarer in Kuwait than in Europe and North America, but some more recent data suggest variability in frequency within the region. IDDM is frequently accompanied by ketoacidosis at diagnosis. For NIDDM, 75% of cases are associated with obesity. Long-term complications appear to occur to the same extent as in Western countries. A recent WHO Task Force meeting has set goals and targets for diabetes prevention and control within the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
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PMID:Diabetes in the eastern Mediterranean region. 129 77

IDDM patients with incipient and overt nephropathy have been found to exhibit an overactivity of RBC sodium-lithium countertransport. To explore the physiological relevance of this finding, we measured the activity of Na+/H+ antiport in serially passaged cultured skin fibroblasts from IDDM patients with and without nephropathy and from normal, nondiabetic control subjects. Na+/H+ antiport activity (measured as the rate of amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx at pHi = 6.4, extracellular pH = 8.0, and [Na+] = 1 mM) was elevated significantly in IDDM patients with nephropathy compared with IDDM patients without nephropathy and nondiabetic control subjects (13.35 +/- 3.8 vs. 8.54 +/- 2.0 vs. 7.33 +/- 2.3 nmol Na+.mg protein-1.min-1; P less than 0.006 and P less than 0.001, respectively). A kinetic analysis of Na+/H+ antiport activity showed that the raised activity in IDDM patients with nephropathy was caused by an increased Vmax for extracellular Na+. Km values were similar in the three groups. pH-stimulated amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx also was higher under baseline conditions and after serum stimulation in cells from IDDM patients with nephropathy. pHi values were significantly higher, both during active proliferation and after 10-min exposure to serum, in cells from IDDM patients with nephropathy, compared with IDDM patients without nephropathy and nondiabetic control subjects. Serum-stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was greater in IDDM patients with nephropathy than in the other two groups (35.7 +/- 18.9- vs. 17.4 +/- 7.5- vs. 11.9 +/- 8.7-fold stimulation above baseline; P less than 0.01 for both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1992 Oct
PMID:Na+/H+ antiport activity and cell growth in cultured skin fibroblasts of IDDM patients with nephropathy. 132 25

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequently associated with hypertension for which an independent pathomechanism has been suggested. We studied 26 patients with insulin-dependent (IDDM) and 18 patients with non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) uncomplicated DM; all patients were in metabolic balance and none of them had hypertension. Exchangeable body sodium (NaE was estimated by isotope dilution, using appr. 1.1 Mbq 24NA. In a subset of 8 IDDM and 8 NIDDM patients atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plasma concentration was determined prior to and after the infusion of 2000 ml physiological saline over 2 hr. NaE was significantly increased both in IDDM and NIDDM patients (104.4 +/- 11.4% and 109.9 +/- 8.0% of the normal value for healthy subjects of identical body surface area; p < 0.05 and < 0.001 resp.). Mean blood pressure (MBP) correlated significantly with NaE in both groups (r = 0.364 and r = 0.520; p < 0.05 and < 0.025, resp.) but not in healthy control subjects (r = 0.112; N.S.). Resting ANP levels were not significantly different in IDDM (34.9 +/- 11.3 pg/ml), NIDDM (42.6 +/- 11.7 pg/ml) or control subjects (40.9 +/- 17.2 pg/ml) however the infusion of saline resulted in a significantly greater increase of plasma ANP in the NIDDM patients (to 82.9 +/- 43.2 pg/ml; P < 0.01) than in the controls (55.6 +/- 23.7 pg/ml; P < 0.01) which was associated with a significantly less increase in sodium excretion (UNAV) in the NIDDM patients (+86% vs. 3170%; P < 0.02) indicating down-regulation of ANP receptors in the kidney of NIDDM patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Body sodium, atrial natriuretic peptide and blood pressure in diabetes mellitus. 134 Jun 60

Although no distinct advantage of Human insulin (HI) over mixed Bovine-Porcine insulin (BPI) including antigenicity has been noted, initiation of therapy with HI in subjects with new onset IDDM as well as changeover from BPI to HI regimen even in subjects with well controlled DM with BPI has recently become a routine clinical practice. In this study, we assessed metabolic control by determination of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1C levels as well as serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in 12 men and 2 women (ages 43-74 yrs) with uncontrolled DM while receiving BPI and again at the end of 6 months following changeover to HI with identical insulin regimen in terms of the type of insulin as well as the dosage. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence of antibodies to insulin of both bovine and porcine forms in their sera. Metabolic control improved significantly in 6 subjects, with positive antibody titers to bovine-porcine insulin as reflected by lowering of all metabolic parameters (p < 0.05 of all comparisons). However, the remaining 8 subjects with negative antibody titers failed to show a significant change in any of the parameters. Therefore, this study suggests that a changeover from BPI to HI maybe recommended in subjects with presence of BPI antibodies and not in all DM subjects treated with BPI regimen. Moreover, it may be feasible to initiate therapy with BPI regimen in new onset IDDM and change later to HI on occurrence of BPI antibodies; since if HI regimen is used at onset and antibodies to HI develop; the only option available then, may be the increased dosage of HI.
Diabetes Res 1992
PMID:Metabolic control following transfer from mixed bovine-porcine insulin to human insulin in subjects with IDDM: influence of the presence of insulin antibodies. 134 15

We have developed an assay for ICSA using fixed beta-cells as target cells and 125-I-Anti-IgG as tracer. Interassay variation was 9.5% and intraassay variation was 9.9%. For high titers of ICSA specificity was 100% but sensitivity then only 70%. Our technique enables a laboratory assistant to determine 200 samples in one week. Absorption of the samples with rat beta-cells as well as rat fibroblasts showed that ICSA are beta-cell specific and does not crossreact with rat fibroblasts. We found a significant difference in prevalence of high titer ICSA between healthy school children (4%) and newly diagnosed diabetic children (19%) (p < 0.001). That difference had disappeared after 18 months duration of IDDM when the B-cell mass and thus the amount of antigen had decreased. No difference was seen between healthy children and adult blood donors. There was no seasonal variation of ICSA titers in healthy children.
Diabetes Res 1992
PMID:Islet cell surface antibodies in diabetic children determined with 125I-labelled anti-IgG as tracer. 134 97


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