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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of Complementary Medicine (CM) amongst diabetic patients attending the Diabetes/Hypertension, Clinic. Out Patient Department, Ipoh Hospital was studied: Forty-three patients were selected by systematic random sampling (1:5) over a one-week period starting 5/12/01. Data were collected by patient interview, from medical records and through a questionnaire. 56% were using CM together with conventional therapy. Most commonly used were herbal therapy, homeopathy and reflexology. The majority took CM daily with a mean duration of 7 years. Over half had subjective relief of pain with increased energy. Patients on CM or conventional therapy both showed poorly controlled FBS levels. There is a need to assess the effect of these therapies on diabetic outcome.
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PMID:Use of complementary medicine amongst diabetic patients in a public primary care clinic in Ipoh. 1519 Jun 55

This study was designed to develop and evaluate a stage-matched intervention (SMI) in Korean participants with type 2 Diabetes. The SMI was based on main constructs derived from the Transtheoretical Model match to the individual's stages of readiness for exercise behavior. The SMI was developed according to the results of the content validity tested by an expert group (n = 9). A control group pre- and post-test design was used for evaluating the impact of the SMI: the intervention group (n = 22) participated in the SMI for 3 months, while the control group (n = 23) received usual educational advice. The intervention group, compared to the control group, showed significant improvements in stages of change for exercise behavior (p < 0.001), physical activity levels (p < 0.001), and reductions in FBS (p < 0.05) and HbA(1)c (p < 0.05). This study yielded evidence for the beneficial impact of the SMI in participants with type 2 Diabetes.
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PMID:The impact of a stage-matched intervention to promote exercise behavior in participants with type 2 diabetes. 1547 56

The objective of this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the value of allopurinol treatment on reduction of oxidative stress in patients with diabetes type II patients. Forty-one diabetic type II subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. One group (n = 20) received 100 mg allopurinol three times a day for 14 days and the other group (n = 21) received a placebo. Blood and saliva samples were collected before and after intervention for analysis of lipid peroxidation level and total antioxidant power as indices of oxidative stress. At the beginning of the study, the groups were similar based upon age, duration of diabetes, fasting glucose, and HbA1c. Both allopurinol and placebo were effective in reduction of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant power whether in saliva or plasma in a similar extent. HbA1c and FBS levels did not change through the study neither in case or placebo group. It is concluded that allopurinol therapy is not more effective than placebo in reduction of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. The same trend of changes in blood and saliva shown for oxidative stress indices was interesting and suggests a chance for saliva to be valuable in diagnosis of oxidative stress. However, to elaborate the exact role of allopurinol in diabetes, further large randomized clinical trials are needed.
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PMID:Ineffectiveness of allopurinol in reduction of oxidative stress in diabetic patients; a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. 1558 61

Antidiabetic and hypoglycemic drugs have been reported to enhance adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We previously reported that ginseng (active constituents: ginsenosides) enhanced the differentiation [1]. In this experiment, effect of some ginger group food extracts on the adipocyte differentiation was investigated using cultured mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were grown as monolayer cultures at 37 degrees C in DMEM supplemented by 10% FBS under the atmosphere of 5% CO(2)-95% air. Ginger extracts were found to enhance the adipocyte differentiation. Active constituent was purified and identified as gingerol. In the gingerol-treated cells, insulin-sensitive glucose uptake was increased. It is expected that ginger enhance the insulin-sensitivity, and improve chronic disease, such as diabetes.
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PMID:Enhancement of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes by ginger. 1563 Feb 72

We studied the test results of carotid ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity against a sample of hyperlipemia and diabetes mellitus. Sixty four hyperlipemia samples (HL), 85 diabetes mellitus samples (DS), and 27 complicated samples (CS) were compared with 56 healthy samples (HS). Hyperlipemia samples were selected from cholesterol under 300 mg/dl, and neutral fat under 300 mg/dl. Diabetes mellitus samples were selected from fasting plasma glucose (FBS) under 200 mg/dl. Samples from severe conditions with various disease were excluded. Ratio over 1.1 mm intima-media thickness (IMT) was 0% in HS, 48% in HL, 40% in DS and 33% in CS. PWV value was max 1896cm/s in CS. There was no significant correlation within IMT, serum lipid(Total Cholesterol, Neutral Fat, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol) and FBS. For early treatment or accurate diagnosis of arteriosclerosis in hyperlipemia or diabetes mellitus patients, who are at high risk of developing arteriosclerosis, to vital function tests (carotid ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity) should be performed, in addition to normal blood tests.
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PMID:[The assessment of arteriolosclerosis by serum lipids data, and carotid ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity, and its evaluation as a tool for preventive medicine: II. Carotid ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity for hyperlipemia and diabetes mellitus]. 1596 99

Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative and is high in both fiber and mucilage. The beneficial effect of dietary fiber in the management of type II diabetes, has not been totally demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma-lowering effects of 5.1g b.i.d. of psyllium husk fiber, as an adjunct to dietary and drug therapy on lipid and glucose levels, in patients with type II diabetes. Patients were randomly selected from an outpatient clinic of primary care to participate in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in which Plantago ovata Forsk., or placebo was given in combination with their anti-diabetic drugs. Forty-nine subjects were included in the study that were given diet counseling before the study and then followed for 8 weeks in the treatment period. Fasting plasma glucose (FBS) was measured every 2 weeks, and total plasma cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and insulin levels were measured every 4 weeks. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was also measured at the beginning and ending of the study. The test products (psyllium or placebo) were supplied to subjects in identically labeled foil packets containing a 5.1g dose of product, to consume two doses per day, half an hour before breakfast and dinner. Both products were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events related to treatment was reported in either. Better gastric tolerance to metformin was recorded in the psyllium group. FBS, and HbA1c, showed a significant reduction (p<0.05), whereas HDL-C increased significantly (p<0.05) following psyllium treatment. LDL/HDL ratio was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Our results show that 5.1g b.i.d. of psyllium for persons with type II diabetes is safe, well tolerated, and improves glycemic control.
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PMID:Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients. 1615 5

The epidemiological profile data were collected for diabetes mellitus from the people living in three habitats (rural, industrial and urban) having considerable difference in their lifestyle and socio-economic status. Every 5th (occasionally 4th or 6th) member from each habitat was sampled; no restriction regarding age was kept during screening; OGTT (oral glucose tolerence test) was performed 2 hours after 75 g glucose, in those whose FBS (fasting blood sugar) was >90 mg/dl. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was ascertained, if the FBS was >120 mg/dl and/ or postglucose value was >200mg/dl. The per cent prevalence (among all aged people) of diabetes mellitus in rural, industrial and urban habitats were found to be: 1.66 +/- 0.58 (male 1.99 +/- 0.88, female 1.3 +/- 0.75); 3.00 +/- 0.74 (male 3.17 +/- 1.04, female 2.80 +/- 1.04) and 4.8 +/- 0.98 (male 5.31 +/- 1.43, female 4.27 +/- 1.32) respectively.
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PMID:Prevalence of diabetes in various habitats of West Bengal, India. 1657 Jul 58

Evidence emanating from research data have demonstrated that improved metabolic and blood pressure outcomes reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Primary goals of therapy have also been recommended to realise this objective. This study determined the prevalence of attainment of recommended goals for glycaemic and blood pressure control in type 2 diabetics attending the diabetes clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. We also assessed the knowledge and use of International guidelines for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus by health care providers in the Ife-Ijesa health zone of Osun State, South Western Nigeria. The charts and case records of One hundred and five (105) type 2 diabetics seen over a five-week period were reviewed to assess the prevalence of attainment of blood pressure and glycaemic control goals. The mean BP and fasting blood glucose of all patients at each clinic visit was determined and were compared statistically. Knowledge and practice of diabetes related treatment goals were assessed by means of a questionnaire administered on 133 diabetes health care providers. Forty-six (43.8%) patients attained the target fasting blood glucose level of = 6.7mmol/l while 52 (49.5%) had blood sugar levels = 7.8mmol/l after three clinic visits. Comparable results were obtained for the target 2 hour post prandial blood glucose targets. 15 (20%) subjects attained the target SBP of = 120/80 mmHg and 25 (25%) if the target was = 130/85 mmHg. All patients demonstrated significant mean BP lowering by the third clinic visit P = 0.000 (ANOVA) in all cases. There was also a significant lowering of mean FBS and 2hrPP blood glucose in all patients after 3 clinic visits P < 0.01. 16 (12%) health care providers had a good knowledge of current treatment recommendations. Of these, 13 (81.3%) were Doctors, 2 (12.5%) were nurses, and 1 (6.3%) other allied health worker. When analysed according to occupational groups, 17.3% doctors, 4.1% nurses and 11.1% amongst the group of allied health providers possessed good knowledge and practice of current treatment guidelines and treatment goals. While our current strategies achieved significant BP and blood glucose lowering, very few patients attained recommended targets. There is still a need for intensification of current strategies and periodic evaluation of its effectiveness in achieving optimal targets.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus related treatment goals: awareness and attainment in the Ife-Ijesa zone of south-western Nigeria. 1675 71

This study investigated levels of fasting plasma glucose (FBS), homeostasis model of the assessment of the insulin resistance (HOMA), lipid profile, insulin, and resistin hormones in 202 individuals, divided into four groups. Two groups had type II diabetes mellitus (DM): one group had been overnourished (DM/OB) (body mass index: BMI equal or above 25) and the other had not (DM/nOB). Two additional groups not suffering from diabetes were either overnourished (nDM/OB) or of normal nutritional status (nDM/nOB). Only the DM/OB group had insulin levels elevated above the other three groups. Resistin levels had been lowest in the nDM/nOB group. When participants of the two nOB groups were pooled into one group and the subjects of the two OB groups were combined into another group, the median plasma resistin levels of the OB groups were significantly higher compared with the nOB groups. Likewise the DM groups had higher resistin levels than the nDM groups. A significant correlation of plasma resistin with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, FBS, and HOMA score had been observed. The result suggests that plasma resistin has a role in linking central obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance to type II diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Plasma resistin, insulin concentration in non-diabetic and diabetic, overweight/obese Thai. 1704 91

In 2004, the human islet amyloid polypeptide (HIP) rat model was created by transfecting the Sprague-Dawley rat with the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP)-amylin gene. The objective of this study is to utilize the transmission electron microscope to study the longitudinal cellular and extracellular morphological changes within the islets of this model at 4, 8, and 14 months of age. It has been previously demonstrated that the 2-, 5-, and 10-month HIP models have no diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and diabetes, respectively. The 4-month HIP model (FBS 123 mg/dl) demonstrated an abundance of beta-cells and insulin secretory granules with significant pericapillary and inter-beta-cell islet amyloid deposition. The 8-month model (FBS 187 mg/dl) demonstrated extensive islet amyloid deposition and marked changes of beta-cell apoptosis. The 14-month-old model (FBS 244 mg/dl) demonstrated islet and beta-cell atrophy with even greater amounts of extracellular islet amyloid compared to the 4-month-old and 8-month-old models. Functional beta cells were sparse and were associated with intra islet adipose deposition. These findings of ultrastructure cellular and extracellular morphological longitudinal remodeling changes in this novel animal model of type 2 diabetes may provide investigators with a better understanding regarding the role of islet amyloid in human islet.
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PMID:Longitudinal ultrastructure study of islet amyloid in the HIP rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1752 69


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