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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report deals with a detailed course of one patient with acromegaly who had a pituitary apoplexy. The pituitary apoplexy occurred suddenly 5 days after administration of a oral hypoglycemic agent, buformin, during hospitalization. Immediately after the attack changes of the concentrations of several hormones such as serum growth-hormone, serum thyroid hormone and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were followed until the development to hypopituitary state. Simultaneously with the decrease of the concentrations of the above-mentioned hormones, a regression of the physical manifestations of acromegaly and a complete amelioration of diabetes mellitus were observed.
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PMID:A case of acromegaly improved by pituitary apoplexy. 16 61

To investigate the relation between thyroid function and respiratory-distress syndrome we determined thyroid hormone in cord serum from 39 term and 120 premature newborns. In groups matched for gestational age (33 to 37 weeks) and body length, after exclusion of newborns with birth asphyxia, maternal diabetes and delivery by cesarean section, the newborns with respiratory distress syndrome had significantly lower cord tri-iodothyronine index, higher ratio of thyroxine to tri-iodothyronine and higher thyrotropin concentration than those without syndrome (P less than 0.05 or less). Conversely, the frequency and severity of respiratory-distress syndrome were higher in newborns who had low cord tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine concentration, low free tri-iodothyronine index and high thyrotropin levels. These observations show an association between low thyroid activity at birth and respiratory-distress syndrome and are in accord with animal studies showing accelerated lung maturation due to thyroxine administration.
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PMID:Low thyroid hormones and respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn. Studies on cord blood. 93 10

A decreased axonal transport of slow component a (SCa), i.e., neurofilaments, is an early event in experimental diabetes as well as hypothyroidism, and common to these metabolic derangements are decreased levels of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). To evaluate the possible connection between these facts, we investigated the effect of growth hormone (GH), which stimulates IGF-I production, on axonal transport of SCa in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Serum concentrations of IGF-I fell from about 1500 micrograms/L in controls to about 600 micrograms/L in diabetics. GH treatment (100 mu/rat twice daily) normalized IGF-I for the first week of diabetes, after which the level decreased to the level of the untreated diabetics. The SCa transport velocity was found to be decreased in the diabetic nerves as previously reported [0.91 +/- 0.07 = mm/day, n = 9; (mean +/- SD) versus 1.01 +/- 0.09 mm/day, n = 8, in controls, 2 p less than 0.05). No changes were seen for the GH-treated groups (1.03 +/- 0.06 mm/day, (n = 11) in GH-treated controls). The lack of effect of GH treatment can be due to blockage of IGF-I synthesis or the decreased level of thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), in the diabetic rats.
J Diabetes Complications
PMID:No effect of growth hormone treatment on axonal transport of slow component a in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. 137 58

In order to clarify the role of free fatty acid (FFA) in thyroid hormone abnormalities in patients with nonthyroidal illness, thyroid function, FFA, inhibitor of extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 (IEC) and thyroid hormone binding inhibitor (THBI) were studied in 99 patients with various nonthyroidal illnesses including diabetes mellitus (DM) (n = 35), liver cirrhosis (LC) (n = 33), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 17) and chronic heart failure (CHF) (n = 14). Patients were divided into three groups based on the level of serum T3: Group I (T3 < 50 ng/dl), Group II (50 < or = T3 < 80) and Group III (80 < or = T3). Serum T4, FT3 and the T3/T4 ratio decreased significantly in the order Group III, Group II and Group I (Group III > II > I). The plasma FFA level was 0.91 +/- 0.12 mmol/l in Group I (P < 0.05, vs. Group III), 0.65 +/- 0.06 in Group II and 0.54 +/- 0.04 in Group III, respectively. The incidence of positive IEC was 80.0% in Group I (P < 0.05, vs. Group III), 53.7% in Group II (P < 0.05, vs. Group III) and 34.2% in Group III. However, IEC was not correlated with the serum T3 concentration. The incidence of positive THBI was 80% in Group I (P < 0.05, vs. Group III), 68.3% in Group II and 47.4% in Group III, but THBI was not correlated with the serum T4 level. Positive correlations were observed among FFA, IEC and THBI (P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Plasma free fatty acids, inhibitor of extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 and thyroid hormone binding inhibitor in patients with various nonthyroidal illnesses. 147 85

Diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with reduced levels of TSH, PRL, GH, and gonadotropins. In this study we have wanted to determine whether chemically induced diabetes mellitus is associated with a decreased hypothalamic release of TRH. Male rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg), whereas controls received vehicle. After 2 weeks, STZ diabetic rats had 25% lower body weights, 3.5-fold higher blood glucose, and 40-60% lower plasma TSH, T3, and T4 levels than controls. The plasma T4 dialyzable fraction had increased 2.5-fold in STZ diabetic rats, and the plasma free T4 concentration was similar to that in controls. Thus, treatment with STZ results in decreased plasma TSH and T4 levels, but does not reduce free T4 concentrations. The content of TRH in hypothalami of 2-week STZ diabetic rats was similar to that in controls, but in vitro these hypothalami released less TRH than those of control rats. In 2-week STZ diabetic rats, TRH in hypophysial stalk blood was 30% lower than that in control rats. The in vitro TRH secretion from hypothalami of untreated rats was dependent on the glucose concentrations in the incubation medium; increasing the glucose concentration from 10 to 30 mM did not alter TRH secretion, but basal TRH release increased in the absence of glucose. In conclusion, STZ-induced diabetes in the rat is associated with reduced hypothalamic secretion of TRH, which, in turn, may be responsible for the reduced plasma TSH and thyroid hormone levels. Furthermore, it is suggested that the inhibitory effect of STZ-induced diabetes on TRH secretion is probably not due to hyperglycemia.
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PMID:Hypothalamo-hypophysial-thyroid axis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 153 Jul 81

From the viewpoint of the high frequency of mild hypothermia in patients with senile dementia, we investigated causative factors in comparison with accidental hypothermia. We also investigated the relationship between hypothermia and the type or grade of dementia. A total of 127 demented cases including 30 males and 97 females, whose mean age was 80.6 +/- 8.9 years, were classified into 3 groups according to the axillary temperature measured in August 1989. Group A consisted of 33 cases whose body temperature was below 36 degrees C on more than 25 days. Group C consisted of 24 cases whose body temperature was above 36 degrees C on more than 25 days, and the remaining 70 cases were classified as group B. The frequency of group A classification in demented patients was higher than age-matched non-demented controls (26% vs 13%, p less than 0.05). In demented males, serum total cholesterol, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were significantly higher in group A than in group B or C. Body weight and serum triglyceride were also higher in group A, but not significantly. In demented females, serum albumin and hemoglobin were higher in groups A and B than group C. In addition, cases with diabetes mellitus or cases receiving with major tranquilizers were more frequent in group A, and the index of activities of daily living was higher in group A, in both sexes. Factors such as age, CRP or thyroid hormone (free T3, free T4) showed no significant difference among the 3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Mild hypothermia in patients with senile dementia]. 156 Jun 9

We have studied the presence of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for the cytosolic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), in rat lung by Northern blot hybridization to a complementary DNA (cDNA) probe. Lung from normal rats contained substantial amounts of this mRNA, although its relative concentration was approximately six times lower than in liver. Fasting produced an eightfold increase in the content of the enzyme mRNA in lung, which could be reverted to normal values by glucose refeeding. Induced diabetes also resulted in a sevenfold increase of the levels of PEPCK mRNA in lung. Dexamethasone, thyroid hormone, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), histamine, and serotonin also induced important accumulations of the enzyme mRNA without affecting the concentration of beta-tubulin mRNA measured as reference. Thus, the PEPCK gene appears to be regulated in a similar manner in lung and liver. The results suggest that PEPCK may be involved in lung metabolism in starvation, diabetes, and other specific hormonal situations.
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PMID:Detection and hormonal regulation of the mRNA for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in rat lung. 162

Diabetes mellitus and fasting are both associated with low plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and loss of body weight. To discriminate between the separate effects of energy shortage and insulin, we studied control rats, diabetic rats (DM), DM rats treated with insulin (DMI), and rats after modified fasting (MF1 and MF2; 70 and 30% of normal daily food intake, respectively). In double-isotopic equilibrium experiments, we determined the tissue thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and the contribution of local T4-to-T3 conversion to total T3 in rat tissues; thyroidal T4 and T3 secretion and extrathyroidal T3 production were calculated. In DM and DMI rats, plasma T4 and T3 decreased; in MF1 and MF2 rats, only plasma T4 decreased. Thyroidal T4 secretion decreased, whereas that of T3 remained normal. The decrease in tissue T4 in MF and DM rats paralleled the decrease in plasma T4. Although plasma T3 did not differ in DM and DMI rats, total T3 concentrations in all tissues were not the same due to changed uptake of T3 from plasma and local T4-to-T3 conversion; these changes were not found in several tissues of MF1 and MF2 rats. Our results suggest that the decrease in tissue T4 during diabetes mellitus is due to the decrease in plasma T4 caused by the decreased thyroidal secretion, possibly due to intracellular energy shortage. The changes in tissue T3 during diabetes mellitus are only partly attributable to the same phenomenon; in several tissues, the decrease in T3 seems more related to the lack of insulin.
Diabetes 1992 Feb
PMID:Effects of streptozocin-induced diabetes and food restriction on quantities and source of T4 and T3 in rat tissues. 173 2

Zinc is known to be an essential trace metal which is necessary for health and growth, and is also essential for the function and activity of over 200 metalloenzymes. A relationship between zinc and obesity was first found in obese patients and obese mice (genetically and dietary obese) to that the obese had lower blood zinc levels than their lean controls, and the zinc level was inversely related to the degree of obesity. The therapeutic effect of zinc on obesity is still a controversial subject. This study was to investigate the alterations of tissues zinc distribution, dietary zinc effect in obese mice, and the interactive combinations of zinc and endocrine factors in obese patients. Zinc and body fat contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer and gravimetrically, respectively. The results indicated that dietary zinc treatment increased body fat deposition in obese mice. Obese mice carried markedly low zinc levels in most of the peripheral tissues, but retained a great amount of zinc in liver and adipose tissues compared with lean mice. Clinically, zinc was found to be correlated with thyroid hormone conversion and insulin resistance. Although the true metabolic role of zinc in obesity is still obscure, the relationships between zinc, endocrine factors, and neurotransmitters, and interactions with other trace metals are needed to throw light on the subject. These approaches to thermoregulation and metabolic mechanisms of obesity and diabetes mellitus may be of great interest in the future.
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PMID:[Investigation of the relationships between zinc and obesity]. 179 13

The content of individual fatty acid component in mitochondria of livers from thyroidectomized (Tx) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was measured to investigate how different hormones are interrelated to control the amount of a particular fatty acid in mitochondria. The results showed (1) diabetes, in general, affected fatty acid contents more severely than hypothyroidism, regardless of the direction of the changes; (2) Hypothyroidism and diabetes affected antagonistically the contents of C16 species and C18:1, which belong to a de novo synthesis (oleate series). However, the two pathological conditions affected synergistically those of higher unsaturated species, eg. C18:2, C20:3 and C20:4, which belong to a dietary-dependent synthesis (linoleate series). These results strongly indicated that each desaturation site and elongation site is affected in a preferential order by either thyroid hormone or insulin, and that hypothyroidism and diabetes have their effects differently on the process of de novo synthesis and the pathways initiated from an essential fatty acid in mitochondria.
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PMID:Synergistic and antagonistic effects on fatty acid composition in the liver mitochondria of rats by thyroidectomy and streptozotocin-administration. 183 32


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